Physiology生理学答案2023秋

第八章测试

1.Which of the following is a waste product normally excreted by the kidneys?（ ）
A:Urea B:Cholesterol C:Insulin D:Glucose E:Carbon dioxide
答案:A
2.Name the structure of the nephron that reabsorbs the most substances.（ ）
A:Glomerular capsule B:Collecting duct C:Distal convoluted tubule D:Loop of Henle E:Proximal convoluted tubule 3.The proximal convoluted tubules reabsorb how much percentage of filtered water?（ ）
A:65% B:40% C:50% D:90% E:25% 4.Factors that increase glomerular filtration rate are（ ）
A:Decreased glomerular capillary blood pressure B:Elevated arterial blood pressure throughout the body C:Decreased plasma colloid osmotic pressure D:Increased hydrostatic pressure in renal vesicle E:decreased osmotic pressure of plasma crystal 5.After the original urine passes through which of the following parts, its composition will not change and become final urine（ ）
A:Proximal tubule B:Collecting duct C:The ascending branch of loop medullary D:Descent branch of loop of medullary E:Distal convoluted tubules 6.The site of glucose reabsorption in the kidney is at（ ）
A:Thick ascending branch of loop of medullary B:Thick segment of descending branch of loop of medullary C:Distal convoluted tubules and manifolders D:Loop of medullary loop E:Proximal tubule 7.Which is correct in the following statement about HCO3- proximal tubule reabsorption（ ）
A:The reabsorption rate is about 67% B:Coupling with H⁺ secreted by tubules C:It is not associated with Na⁺ reabsorption D:Reabsorption in the form of HCO₃^- E:Lagging behind the reabsorption of Cl^- 8.Which is correct about the following description of ADH（ ）
A:When the osmotic pressure of plasma crystal increases, its release volume decreases B:When circulating blood volume increases, its release volume increases C:Improve water reabsorption by proximal tubules D:Synthesized and secreted by the neurohypophysis E:When arterial blood pressure decreases, its release volume increases 9.The physiological function of renal parabulbar cells is（ ）
A:Secretion of aldosterone B:Secrete renin C:Secretion of angiotensin D:Secretion of erythropoietin E:Secretion of prostaglandins 10.The most critical site for determining urine volume is（ ）
A:The manifold B:Proximal tubule C:Loop of pulposus ascending ramus D:Thick segment of descending branch of loop of medullary E:Thick ascending branch of loop of medullary 11.Intravenous injection of 20% glucose solution in rabbits resulted in increased urine output due to（ ）
A:Increased glomerular filtration rate B:Increased aldosterone secretion C:Increased solute concentration of tubule fluid D:ADH secretion is decreased E:Increased glomerular effective filtration pressure 12.The main reason for decreased urine production during tempestuous exercise is（ ）
A:Increased secretion of aldosterone B:decreased glomerular filtration area C:Renal arterioles contracted and renal blood flow decreased D:Increased secretion of antidiuretic hormone E:Elevated blood pressure in glomerular capillaries 13.The main reason for decreased urine output during heavy sweating is（ ）
A:Increased osmotic pressure of plasma crystal leads to ADH secretion B:Decreased blood volume, resulting in reduced glomerular filtration rate C:Sympathetic excitation causes ADH secretion D:Increased plasma colloid osmotic pressure, resulting in decreased glomerular filtration rate E:Reduced osmotic pressure of plasma crystal leads to ADH secretion 14.The main cause of oliguria caused by injection of norepinephrine is（ ）
A:The glomerular capillary blood pressure was significantly reduced B:The permeability of filtration membrane is reduced C:Increased intracapsular pressure D:Elevated plasma colloid osmotic pressure E:Increased secretion of vasopressin 15.The main way that kidney regulates water balance is to alter（ ）
A:Renal plasma flow B:Reabsorption of proximal tubules C:Repeated absorption of the medullary loop D:Reabsorption of distal convoluted tubules and collecting tubes E:Glomerular filtration rate 16.Active reabsorption of renal tubules（ ）
A:Na⁺ B:Glucose and amino acids C:Urea and H⁺ D:H₂O E:K⁺ 17.The effective glomerular filtration pressure depends on（ ）
A:Glomerular capillary blood pressure B:Whole body arterial blood pressure C:Plasma crystal osmotic pressure D:Plasma colloid osmotic pressure E:Renal intracapsular pressure 18.The physiologic stimulus/stimuli for ADH secretion is/are:（ ）
A:Increase in plasma colloid osmotic pressure B:Increase in plasma crystal osmotic pressure C:Decrease in blood volume D:Decrease in blood oxygen saturation E:Decrease in blood pressure 19.Sympathetic excitation can cause（ ）
A:Increased renin secretion B:Contraction of the arterioles in and out of the glomerulus C:Increased Na⁺ reabsorption in proximal tubules and medullary loops D:decreased glomerular filtration rate E:Contraction of glomerular capillaries 20.The following description that can increase glomerular filtration rate is（ ）
A:Vigorous exercise B:Increased renal blood flow C:Rapid injection of normal saline D:Large loss of blood E:Sweating profusely 21.What should not be present in normal urine（ ）
A:Red blood cells B:Protein C:Glucose D:Urea E:NaCl 22.The basic processes of urine production include（ ）
A:Transfer to bladder for storage via ureter B:Glomerular filtration C:Secretion and excretion of renal tubules and collecting ducts D:Reabsorption of renal tubules and collecting ducts E:Concentration and dilution of manifold 23.The blood of kidney is characterized by（ ）
A:Large blood flow, mainly supplying the renal cortex B:Go through the capillary network twice C:High blood pressure in glomerular capillaries D:Renal blood flow can be self-regulated E:Hypotension in capillaries around renal tubules 24.The significance of H⁺ secretion in renal tubules is（ ）
A:It is beneficial to HCO₃^- reabsorption B:It is beneficial for Na⁺ reabsorption C:Facilitate the secretion of NH₃ D:It is beneficial to maintain acid-base balance E:It is beneficial for K⁺ reabsorption 25.The causes of decreasing urine output during dehydration are（ ）
A:Increased secretion of vasopressin B:Elevated osmotic pressure of plasma crystal C:Reduction of volume receptors by stimulation D:Increased solute concentration in renal tubules E:Decreased renal blood flow