第五章 Education in the United States 美国教育：The emphasis Americans have placed on education has a lot to do with American culture, which has exerted tremendous influence on education, though it is very difficult to define precisely. Basically, over the past half a century, Americans have always aimed for equal opportunity in education, regardless of social class, national origin, or racial or ethnic group. A high general level of education has always been seen as a necessity in this democratic society. Additionally, education has also traditionally served the goal of bringing people together. Schools in the United States served and still serve to bring together the hundreds of various cultural and linguistic groups, religions, and social and political backgrounds.5.1American Education-A Brief History:This part mainly focuses on the history of American education between colonial times and the 19th century. It can be divided into two phases: 1. between early colonial times and American Revolution; 2. between American Revolution and the 19th century.This part mainly focuses on the history of American education in the 20th and 21st century. In 1917, the U.S. Congress passed the act of expanding vocational education, to establish vocational schools with federal government funding. After 1920s, the K to 12 education in America remained very much the same until World War II. Since the 1970s, the United States has made a series of educational reform plans.[单选题]American university students have always liked to get degrees that are aimed at preparing them specifically for certain professions.
5.2American History: Different Levels of Schooling:This part mainly focuses on the different levels of American education. American students pass through several levels of schooling on their way to a high school diploma. They attend elementary school and secondary school. The system of higher education in the United States comprises 4 categories of institutions: the university; the four-year undergraduate institution; the technical training institution; the two-year, or community college.
5.3American Education-guiding ideas:This part mainly focuses on the guiding ideas of American education. American education aims to provide equal opportunities to its people. In America, it is local bodies that bear the main responsibility for guiding educational institutions. Public primary and secondary schools are under the general direction of bodies that are usually called boards of education or school boards. The American educational system seeks to turn out “well-rounded people”.
5.4Rising Tuition in the US:Students and parents often find themselves lamenting high college price tags, and college costs are steadily rising. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, when college costs are adjusted for inflation, the average cost of a year of college in 1981 was $3,101. In 2011, however, the figure was $18,497. The problem of rising college costs is a complex one, but rising college costs can hit financially strapped students especially hard. This part mainly focuses on the reasons for and effects of rising tuition in the USA.
5.1American Education-A Brief History:This part mainly focuses on the history of American education between colonial times and the 19th century. It can be divided into two phases: 1. between early colonial times and American Revolution; 2. between American Revolution and the 19th century.This part mainly focuses on the history of American education in the 20th and 21st century. In 1917, the U.S. Congress passed the act of expanding vocational education, to establish vocational schools with federal government funding. After 1920s, the K to 12 education in America remained very much the same until World War II. Since the 1970s, the United States has made a series of educational reform plans.
5.2American History: Different Levels of Schooling:This part mainly focuses on the different levels of American education. American students pass through several levels of schooling on their way to a high school diploma. They attend elementary school and secondary school. The system of higher education in the United States comprises 4 categories of institutions: the university; the four-year undergraduate institution; the technical training institution; the two-year, or community college.
5.3American Education-guiding ideas:This part mainly focuses on the guiding ideas of American education. American education aims to provide equal opportunities to its people. In America, it is local bodies that bear the main responsibility for guiding educational institutions. Public primary and secondary schools are under the general direction of bodies that are usually called boards of education or school boards. The American educational system seeks to turn out “well-rounded people”.
5.4Rising Tuition in the US:Students and parents often find themselves lamenting high college price tags, and college costs are steadily rising. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, when college costs are adjusted for inflation, the average cost of a year of college in 1981 was $3,101. In 2011, however, the figure was $18,497. The problem of rising college costs is a complex one, but rising college costs can hit financially strapped students especially hard. This part mainly focuses on the reasons for and effects of rising tuition in the USA.
选项:[对, 错]
[单选题]One of the things that decides whether an applicant can be accepted by a college is his/her scores on the Scholastic Aptitude Tests.
选项:[错, 对]
[单选题]Under the NCLB law, if a school misses its state’s annual achievement targets for two years or more, it is identified as not “making AYP” and is subject to a cascade of increasingly serious sanctions.
选项:[错, 对]
[单选题]Segregating blacks into separate schools was unconstitutional after the decision of the Supreme Court in 1954.
选项:[对, 错]
[单选题]Harvard College was originally founded to train government officials.
选项:[错, 对]
[多选题]In the 17th century, the Puritans introduced two practices that still influence American youth: ______ and ______.
选项:[compulsory education, “Latin Grammar” school, public taxation for schools, private education]
[单选题]The most common division between primary and secondary education in the US is ___________.
选项:[grammar schools (Grade Kindergarten to Grade 6) and high schools (Grade 7 to Grade 12), elementary schools (Grade Kindergarten to Grade 8) and high schools (Grade 9 to Grade 12), elementary schools (Grade Kindergarten to Grade 3), middle schools (Grade 4 to Grade 6) and high schools (Grade 7 to Grade 12), primary schools (Grade 1 to Grade 6) and middle schools (Grade 7 to Grade 12)]
[多选题]Most secondary schools offer the same “core” of required subjects, including: ______.
选项:[science, social studies and physical education, English, mathematics]
[多选题]Common American higher education institutions include __________.
选项:[universities, with both undergraduate and graduate schools, technical training and other special-purpose institutions, two-year, or community colleges, colleges, with undergraduate programs]
[单选题]The expenditure in American public schools is guided or decided by ______.
选项:[teachers, headmasters, boards of education, students]
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