第四章测试1.
播放听力资料recording 1，听音频 ，解答以下题目：
答案:
2.
播放听力资料recording 2，听音频 ，解答以下题目：
3.
播放听力资料recording 3，听音频 ，解答以下题目：
4.
Town of Culture Award
A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK "town of culture" award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for 2017. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in €220 million of investment and an avalanche of arts, out not to be confined to cities. Britain' town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.
Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sough-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Liverpool in 2008. A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?
It is also wise to recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run "year of culture" washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light. It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community groups and cultural organization. But it can be done: Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.
A "town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honoring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.
5.
Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money. Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialized work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the production of scientific knowledge.
With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing industry is in an existential crisis. The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers produced in the world , made profits of more than £900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than £210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research; both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.
The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every paywalled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among its users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.
In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies. In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms: either freely available from the moment of publication, or paywalled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.
Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their product free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around ￡500 to $5,000. A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these “article preparation costs”had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation. In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet: labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.
6. 议论文写作中的An introductory paragraph（介绍段）should arouse the reader’s interest and （ ）the main idea of the essay.
A:develop B:ignore C:Emphasize D:introduce 7. 议论文写作时，下面哪三条符合“choice of words”（词汇选择）的原则？（ ）
A:Arbitrariness 随意 B:Conciseness简洁 C:Accuracy准确 D:Appropriateness 恰当 8. 议论文写作时，下面哪类句子是the core sentence of a paragraph（一个段落的核心句）。（ ）
A:Supporting sentence B:The first sentence C:Concluding sentence D:Topic sentence 9.“After the plane took off, Jessica still stood there crying.”, 请问该句中的“After the plane took off,”部分的功能是什么？（ ）
A:It’s not a phrase（短语）, but an adverbial clause（状语从句）. B:It’s not a phrase（短语）, but an independent clause（单句）. C:It’s a prepositional phrase（介词短语）, functioning as an adverb（副词）. D:It’s a prepositional phrase（介词短语）, functioning as the subject（主语）. 10. 下面的句子中，哪三句的标点使用正确?（ ）
A:The alarm clock sounded, the students got up quickly. B:The alarm clock sounded. The students got up quickly. C:When the alarm clock sounded, the students got up quickly. D:The alarm clock sounded; the students got up quick. 11.请为英语句子选出合适的汉语翻译：John doesn’t study hard because he wants to be praised by his teacher. （ ）
A:约翰学习不努力，因为他不想被表扬。 B:因为约翰想得到老师的表扬，所以才不努力学习。 C:约翰并不是因为想得到老师的表扬才努力学习的。 D:约翰得到了老师的表扬，虽然他并不努力学习。 12.请为英语句子选出合适的汉语翻译：The next two hours will tell.（ ）
A:两小时后，一切都将见分晓。 B:过两个小时后告诉你。 C:将要说两个小时。 D:接下来的两个小时会说话。 13.请为英语句子选出合适的汉语翻译：There is no smoke without fire.（ ）
A:无风不起浪。 B:那里没有烟火。 C:没有火和烟。 D:没有烟就没有火。 14.请为英语句子选出合适的汉语翻译：It’s five months since he was ill.（ ）
A:他的病好了五个月了。 B:他已经病了五个月了。 C:他五月份生的病。 D:自从他生病后五个月了。 15.请为英语句子选出合适的汉语翻译：His failure to answer questions made the police suspicious.（ ）
A:他回答问题的失败使得警察怀疑。 B:他错误地回答了问题，使警察很怀疑。 C:他未能回答出问题，这引起了警察的怀疑。 D:他的错误问题引起了警察的怀疑。
