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雅思英语1
Light is important to organisms for two different reasons. Firstly it Is used as a cue for the timing of daily and seasonal rhythms in both plants and animals, and secondly it is used to assist growth in plants.
Breeding in most organisms occurs during a part of the year only, and so a reliable cue is needed to trigger breeding behaviour. Day length is an excellent cue, because it provides a perfectly predictable pattern of change within the year. In the temperate zone in spring, temperatures fluctuate greatly from day to day. but day length increases steadily by a predictable amount. The seasonal impact of day length on physiological responses is called photoperiodism, and the amount of experimental evidence for this phenomenon is considerable. For example, some species of birds’ breeding can be induced even in midwinter simply by increasing day length artificially (Wolfson 1964). Other examples of photoperiodism occur in plants. A short-day plant flowers when the day is less than a certain critical length. A long-day plant flowers after a certain critical day length is exceeded. In both cases the critical day length differs from species to species. Plants which flower after a period of vegetative growth, regardless of photoperiod, are known as day-neutral plants.
Breeding seasons in animals such as birds have evolved to occupy the part of the year in which offspring have the greatest chances of survival. Before the breeding season begins, food reserves must be built up to support the energy cost of reproduction, and to provide for young birds both when they are in the nest and after fledging. Thus many temperate-zone birds use the increasing day lengths in spring as a cue to begin the nesting cycle, because this is a point when adequate food resources will be assured.
The adaptive significance of photoperiodism in plants is also clear. Short-day plants that flower in spring in the temperate zone are adapted to maximising seedling growth during the growing season. Long-day plants are adapted for situations that require fertilization by insects, or a long period of seed ripening. Short-day plants that flower in the autumn in the temperate zone are able to build up food reserves over the growing season and over winter as seeds. Day-neutral plants have an evolutionary advantage when the connection between the favourable period for reproduction and day length is much less certain. For example, desert annuals germinate, flower and seed whenever suitable rainfall occurs, regardless of the day length.
The breeding season of some plants can be delayed to extraordinary lengths. Bamboos are perennial grasses that remain in a vegetative state for many years and then suddenly flower, fruit and die (Evans 1976). Every bamboo of the species Chusquea abietifolio on the island of Jamaica flowered, set seed and died during 1884. The next generation of bamboo flowered and died between 1916 and 1918, which suggests a vegetative cycle of about 31 years. The climatic trigger for this flowering cycle is not yet known, but the adaptive significance is clear. The simultaneous production of masses of bamboo seeds (in some cases lying 12 to 15 centimetres deep on the ground) is more than all the seed-eating animals can cope with at the time, so that some seeds escape being eaten and grow up to form the next generation (Evans 1976).
Questions 1-5
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage?
In boxes 1-5, choose
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
Section A
However, at exactly the same time as this new realisation of the finite character of health-care resources was sinking in, an awareness of a contrary kind was developing in Western societies: that people have a basic right to health-care as a necessary condition of a proper human life. Like education, political and legal processes and institutions, public order, communication, transport and money supply, health-care came to be seen as one of the fundamental social facilities necessary for people to exercise their other rights as autonomous human beings. People are not in a position to exercise personal liberty and to be self-determining if they are poverty-stricken, or deprived of basic education, or do not live within a context of law and order. In the same way, basic health-care is a condition of the exercise of autonomy.
Section B
Although the language of ‘rights’ sometimes leads to confusion, by the late 1970s it was recognised in most societies that people have a right to health-care (though there has been considerable resistance in the United States to the idea that there is a formal right to health-care). It is also accepted that this right generates an obligation or duty for the state to ensure that adequate health-care resources are provided out of the public purse. The state has no obligation to provide a health-care system itself, but to ensure that such a system is provided. Put another way, basic health-care is now recognised as a ‘public good’, rather than a ‘private good’ that one is expected to buy for oneself. As the 1976 declaration of the World Health Organisation put it: ‘The enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of every human being without distinction of race, religion, political belief, economic or social condition.’ As has just been remarked, in a liberal society basic health is seen as one of the indispensable conditions for the exercise of personal autonomy.
Section C
Just at the time when it became obvious that health-care resources could not possibly meet the demands being made upon them, people were demanding that their fundamental right to health-care be satisfied by the state. The second set of more specific changes that have led to the present concern about the distribution of health-care resources stems from the dramatic rise in health costs in most OECD（Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development） countries, accompanied by large-scale demographic and social changes which have meant, to take one example, that elderly people are now major (and relatively very expensive) consumers of health-care resources. Thus in OECD countries as a whole, health costs increased from 3.8% of GDP（Gross Domestic Product） in 1960 to 7% of GDP in 1980, and it has been predicted that the proportion of health costs to GDP will continue to increase. (In the US the current figure is about 12% of GDP, and in Australia about 7.8% of GDP)
As a consequence, during the 1980s a kind of doomsday scenario (analogous to similar doomsday extrapolations about energy needs and fossil fuels or about population increases) was projected by health administrators, economists and politicians. In this scenario, ever-rising health costs were matched against static or declining resources.
Questions 1-5
Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage?
YES if the statement agrees with the views of the writer
NO if the statement contradicts the views of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
- Which of the following signposting words or phrases you can use to start an overview ? （ ）
- 以下选项中表示“变化程度很大”含义的副词是（ ）。
- To support your opinion, you can also use common sense language, general statistics, or expert and opinions in your speaking, like （ ）
- 以下选项中表示“上升”含义的词是（ ）。
- 以下选项中表示“大约”含义的词是（ ）。
- In order to be clear and easily understood, you should write a simple sentence for the overview.（ ）
- Photoes is the correct plural form of “photo”.（ ）
- Most items in IELTS listening test is to test students’ ability to understand detailed information.（（ ））
- In IELTS academic writing, introduction is not important, so it is not necessary to paraphrase the question.（ ）
- To say a word in an overly dramatic way is the best way to tell which syllable is stressed in the word.（ ）
- In English grammar, a prepositional phrase modifies an adjective in a sentence。（ ）
- Map is usually used to emphasize the comparison between objects.（ ）
- “Y” in the word cry is a vowel.（ ）
- In IELTS listening test, you can use your own words to complete the answer. （ ）
- Speakers sometimes pause in the middle of sense groups.（ ）
- Recognizing Intonation can help understand the speaker’s feelings and opinions. （ ）
- How many question types are there in IELTS academic writing task 1 ?（ ）
- According to video lecture 1.2.1, the following statements are all true EXCEPT ( )
- In today’s material world, we are _______ with various forms of advertising.（ ）。
A fundamental question in ageing research is whether humans and other species possess an immutable life-span limit. A theoretical study suggested the maximum human lifespan to be around 125 years. The longest-living person whose dates of birth and death were verified to the modern norms of Guinness World Records and the Gerontology Research Group was Jeanne Calment, a French lady who lived to 122. Reduction of infant mortality has accounted for most of the increased average life span longevity, but since the 1960s, mortality rates among those over 80 years have decreased by about 1.5% per year. The progress being made in lengthening lifespans and postponing senescence is entirely due to medical and public-health efforts, rising standards of living, better education, healthier nutrition and more salubrious lifestyles.
Match the word underlined in the passage with its synonym given in the choices
fundamental （ ）
- Peony is our national flower which（ ）prosperity.
- Cars have become more _______ for the average consumers and they are no longer a luxury item, but something that most families expect to own.（ ）。
- 下列哪项不是实现区间闭塞所依靠的凭证（ ）。
In the Middle Ages, Europeans who could afford the spice used it to flavour food, particularly meat, and to impress those around them with their ability to purchase an expensive condiment from the 'exotic' East.
which is the right paraphrase of the highlighted words in the sentence? （ ）
- How many passages does reading section consist of and how many questions are the test takers required to complete? ( )
- By _______ fast food advertising, governments help to safeguard the physical well-being of the next generation.（ ）。
- -Does fast food have any positive effect on society?
-Yes, it does. One of the （ ）of fast food is that it is very convenient. - Two of my cousins（ ）to the United States in 2010 but now are back and doing business in China.
The architects had been driven by the desire for ultimate flexibility, for a building a. that would not limit the movement of its users. All the different parts were approached b. through the same enormous entrance hall and served by the same escalator, c. which was free to anyone to ride, d. whether they wanted to visit an exhibition or just admire the view. With all the services at one end of the building, escalators and lifts at the other, and the floors hung on giant steel beams e. providing uninterrupted space the size of two football pitches, their dream had become a reality.
Which of the highlighted parts is attributive clause（定语从句）? （ ）
- Which of the follow statements is NOT TRUE according to the video lecture? （ ）
- Your chances of finding a job will improve _____ if you can improve your computer skills. ( )
- If we destroyed these areas, the costs of managing the resulting changes to our planet would far _______ the costs of conservation.（ ）。
- Denmark was one of the first countries in the world to introduce state social welfare ( )
Canada's small population is quite （ ） to its great land mass.
- What does the prefix “bene-” mean? ( )
- If something is not exactly red, （ ）is better for description.
- Which of the following sentence means “The teacher is hard-working”? （ ）
- I was passionate（ ）English and I had never dozed off on English classes.
答案:AACBB
答案::This section is to test your ability to give proper responsesAI参考:1. The writer believes that people have a right to health care, which is a necessary condition for a proper human life. 答案：是的。 解释：根据阅读文章中的第一段，作者认为人们有权获得健康护理，这是人类正常生活的必要条件。因此，作者的观点是支持人们有权获得健康护理的。 2. Basic health care is seen as a public good in the sense that it should be provided by the state. 答案：是的。 解释：根据阅读文章中的最后一段，基本健康护理被视为一种“公共利益”，这意味着国家应该提供这种服务。因此，作者认为基本健康护理应该由国家提供。 3. The language of rights can sometimes lead to confusion, but it is generally recognised that people have a right to health care. 答案：是的。 解释：根据阅读文章中的第二段，虽然“权利”的语言有时会引起混淆，但是在大多数社会中，人们已经认识到他们有权获得健康护理（尽管在美国对有正式的健康护理权利的想法存在相当大的抵制）。因此，作者认为人们有权获得健康护理。 4. The author agrees with the statement that the proportion of health costs to GDP will continue to increase. 答案：是的。 解释：根据阅读文章中的最后一段，作者同意健康成本占国内生产总值（GDP）的比例将继续增加的说法。 5. The present concern about the distribution of health-care resources is due to the rise in health costs and demographic and social changes. 答案：是的。 解释：根据阅读文章中的第三段，当前对医疗资源分配的关注源于医疗成本的大幅上涨以及人口和社会结构的变化，如老年人成为医疗资源的主要消费者且相对昂贵。因此，当前对医疗资源分配的关注是由于医疗成本的上升和人口和社会结构的变化引起的。"
A:overall B:in general C:in conclusion D:it is evident that
答案:it is evident that ;in general;nt that
A:slightly B:drastically C:subtly D:substantially
AI参考:正确答案是 B:drastically。选项B表示“变化程度很大”的含义，其他选项的含义与题意不符。选项A表示“轻微地”，选项C表示“微妙地”，选项D表示“实质上地”。因此，正确答案是B。'
A:There are hundreds of ways that fast food can kill you. B:Everyone knows that fast food is unhealthy. C:It’s common knowledge that fast food can cause obesity. D:According to what I read in the newspaper last week, …
答案:正确
A:ascend B:decline C:surge D:soar
AI参考:正确答案是 A: ascend。表示“上升”含义的词语有ascend（上升，攀登）、surge（激增，涌现）、soar（高飞，猛增）等。decline和B选项在某些语境下有下降的含义，但在这个语境下不是正确的选项。因此，答案为A、C、D中的ascend。'
A:roughly B:approximately C:nearly D:respectively
AI参考:正确答案是 B:approximately。roughly 大概地； approximately 大约； nearly 几乎；respectively 分别地。这些选项中只有approximately表示“大约”的含义。所以答案为B。'
A:对 B:错
答案:错AI参考:正确答案是【A:对】。为了清晰易懂，应该用简单的句子来概述。因此，选项A是正确的。'
A:对 B:错
A:错 B:对
AI参考:正确答案是【错】。听力部分主要测试学生获取主旨要义的能力，细节信息只是为了更好地理解主旨而设置的辅助信息。因此，选项A“错”是正确的答案。'
A:错 B:对
A:错 B:对
AI参考:B:对。这句话的意思是：用过于戏剧化的方式说出单词是最好的告诉单词中哪个音节是重读的方式。因此，答案是B:对。'
A:对 B:错
AI参考:答案是B：错。在英语语法中，通常是一个形容词修饰一个名词，而不是一个介词短语修饰一个形容词。因此，这个句子是不正确的。'
A:对 B:错
A:错 B:对
AI参考:B:对。根据音标规则，字母“Y”在单词中通常发元音音素，因此选项B“对”是正确的。'
A:对 B:错
AI参考:答案：A. 对。在雅思听力考试中，你可以用自己的话来完整地回答问题，所以答案是肯定的。在听力考试中，考生需要用自己的语言来回答问题，而不是简单地重复题目中的信息。因此，使用自己的话来回答问题是一种非常重要的技能，可以帮助考生更好地理解和表达信息。'
A:错 B:对
AI参考:B:对。在英语口语中，说话者有时会在意群（sense groups）中间停顿。意群是指一组一起作为一个整体表达一个意思的单词或短语。这种停顿可以帮助说话者清晰地表达意思，同时也使口语表达更加自然流畅。因此，答案是B：对。'
A:错 B:对
AI参考:答案是B：对。句子中提到“Recognizing Intonation”即认识到语调，可以理解说话者的情感和观点。根据常识和语言学知识，语调是表达情感和态度的重要方式之一，因此正确选项为B。'
A:five B:six C:eight D:seven
AI参考:正确答案是D：seven。雅思学术写作Task 1有七种题型，包括数据总结、讨论类图表、流程图、比较对比、讨论类问题、开放性问题和产品/计划描述。所以选项D“seven”是正确答案。'
A:Boost Your Vocabulary with Word Families B:Keep a Journal for Vocabulary C:Read related articles daily D:Use an English to Chinese dictionary
AI参考:正确答案是D：Use an English to Chinese dictionary。根据视频课程1.2.1，以下所有陈述都是正确的，除了使用英汉词典（D选项）。其他选项包括与单词家族一起提升词汇量（A选项）、为词汇保持日记（B选项）和每天阅读相关文章（C选项）。这些方法都是有效的词汇学习策略。'
A:instigated B:diluted C:inundated D:penetrated
AI参考:正确答案是：C:inundated。\r本题考察的是形容词辨析。A. instigated鼓励的；B. diluted稀释的；C. inundated淹没的，泛滥的；D. penetrated渗透的。在物质世界里，我们被各种形式的广告所淹没，故选C。'
A:ageing B:central C:length D:fixed E:standards
A:matches B:symbolizes C:reveals D:proves
AI参考:正确答案是B:symbolizes。这道题考查的是固定短语的意思。symbolize象征，表示的意思，而A、C、D选项的意思与题意不符。所以正确答案是B。这句话的意思是：牡丹象征着我们的繁荣。'
A:compelling B:affordable C:irreparable D:immortal
AI参考:答案为 B:affordable 题干的意思是“汽车对于一般消费者来说变得更易承受，不再是奢侈品，而成了大多数家庭所期望拥有的东西”。Compelling吸引人的；affordable易承受的；irreparable不可修复的；immortal不朽的。根据题意，汽车对于消费者来说更易承受，所以选项B“affordable”符合题意。故选B。'
A:机车信号的开放 B:出站信号机的开放 C:进站信号机的开放 D:通过信号机的开放
AI参考:实现区间闭塞所依靠的凭证主要是机车信号的开放和通过信号机的开放。而出站信号机和进站信号机的开放则是列车进出站所需要凭证，与区间闭塞的原理和实现方式无关。因此，正确答案是B：出站信号机的开放。'
A:a sweet smell B:a sign of C:which originates from D:was believed to heal different illnesses E:leave a mark on
AI参考:正确答案是：E:leave a mark on句子中强调了“用香料给食物增添风味，尤其是给肉增添风味，并给周围的人留下一个购买来自‘异域’的昂贵调味品的能力的印象”，所以“impress”的意思是“给……留下印象”。因此，选项E“leave a mark on”最符合语境。其他选项的意思与句子不符。因此，答案为E。'
A:4 passages with 40 questions B:4 passages with 30 questions C:3 passages with 30 questions D:3 passages with 40 questions
AI参考:正确答案是D:3 passages with 40 questions。阅读部分包括三篇文章，每篇文章后面有40道题目，所以正确答案是D。'
A:purchasing B:escaping C:regulating D:consuming
AI参考:正确答案是：C:regulating。分析句子结构可知，空格处应填入一个表示“管理”的动词，A项“purchasing购买”不符合语境，B项“escaping逃避”不符合句意，D项“consuming消费”也不符合语境，只有C项“regulating管理”符合句意，故选C。'
A:services B:strengths C:benefits D:advantages
AI参考:正确答案是D，advantages。该问题是在询问快餐对社会是否有积极的影响，回答者说是的，它有积极的影响，其中一个优点就是它非常方便。根据句意和选项，只有D选项advantages（优点）符合语境。因此，正确答案是D。'
A:emigrate B:immigrate C:immigrated D:emigrated
AI参考:正确选项是【D】。句子中使用了过去时态，表示过去发生的事情，而“移民”这个动作通常用“emigrate”表示，但是根据句意，“我的两个表兄弟在2010年移民到美国，但现在回到中国做生意”，应该使用过去分词形式的“emigrated”表示已经完成的行为。因此，选项D是正确答案。其他选项“immigrate”和“immigrated”不符合句意和时态要求。'
A:through the same enormous entrance hall B:whether they wanted to visit an exhibition or just admire the view C:which was free to anyone to ride D:providing uninterrupted space the size of two football pitches E:that would not limit the movement of its users
A:Sometimes you have to change the answer grammatically in the case of completion questions B:For completion questions, words instruction, such as ONE WORD ONLY, is as important as finding the answer. C:Like listening module, in reading module, there is also time for transferring answers from test paper to answer sheet. D:A very basic thing in IELTS reading is that your answers always follow the same order in the passage as the order of your questions except the matching questions.
AI参考:根据视频课程，以下哪个陈述是不正确的？**A:Sometimes you have to change the answer grammatically in the case of completion questions**。根据视频内容，完成句子题中，找到正确答案与单词指示（如“仅一个词”）同样重要。在听力模块中，有答题时间从试卷转移到答题纸。雅思阅读中，除了匹配题外，答案在文章中的顺序与问题的顺序相同。而A选项提到在某些情况下，需要改变答案的语法，这与视频内容不符。因此，A选项是错误的。'
A:program B:fundamental C:disproportionate D:considerably
AI参考:你的求职机会将会大大提高，如果你能提高你的电脑技能的话。因此，正确答案是 D:considerably（大幅度地，显著地）。选项A是程序的意思，不符合题意；选项B是基础的意思，与句子意思相反；选项C是不均衡的意思，与句子意思不符。'
A:overweigh B:outgrow C:outweigh D:overweight
A:proportion B:minority C:task D:schemes
A:alternative B:disproportionate C:sophisticated D:distinctive
A:good B:mini C:downward D:before E:against F:forward
A:pinkish B:a bit red C:pink D:reddish
AI参考:正确选项是D：reddish。reddish是一个形容词，表示“微红的”，可以用来描述那些不是非常红的物体或颜色。根据题目中的描述，如果某物不是完全红色，那么reddish这个词更适合用来描述它。因此，选项D是正确答案。其他选项中，pinkish和pink通常用来描述粉红色，a bit red则不够准确，因为“有点红”并不能准确地描述物体的颜色。'
A:The teacher said,/ "that student is hard-working."/ B:"The teacher",/ said that student,/ "is hard-working."/
AI参考:正确选项是 B: "The teacher" / said that student / "is hard-working." /。在这个句子中，“The teacher”是一个主语，后面跟了一个谓语动词“said”，接着是一个宾语从句，其中包含了一个主语“that student”和谓语动词“is hard-working”，表示老师称赞学生很努力。因此，这个句子的意思是“这个老师很努力”。选项A中的“that student is hard-working”是一个完整的句子，而不是一个从句，因此不符合题意。选项C中的“The teacher”后面没有谓语动词，也不符合题意。'
A:with B:in C:about D:on
AI参考:正确选项是C:about。句子中使用了be passionate about这个固定搭配，表示对某事物充满热情。因此，选项C“about”符合语境。选项A“with”表示带有某种情感或状态，选项B“in”表示在某个领域或方面，选项D“on”表示在某个时刻或表面上。这些选项都不符合句子的语境和语法规则。'
