英语语言学（江西师范大学）期末答案2023秋

1.The description of a language at some point in time is a ________ study.
A:synchronic B:diachronic C:descriptive D:prescriptive
答案:synchronic
2._________ has been accepted as forefather of modern linguistics.
A:Leech B:Grice C:Saussure D:Chomsky
答案:Saussure
3.According to Chomsky, ___________ refers to the actual use of language in concrete situations.
A:liguistic competence B:langue C:parole D:linguistic performance
答案:linguistic performance
4.A(n) _________ is a unit that is of distinctive value. It is an abstract uit , a collection of distinctive phonetic features.
A:sound B:phone C:phoneme D:allophone
答案:phoneme
5.If we think of a sentence as what people actually utter in the course of ___________, it becomes a(n) ___________.
A:utterance B:directive C:constative D:expressive
答案:utterance
6.When we say we can replace beautiful in “The little girl is beautiful” with pretty, we are talking about _____________.
A:syntactic relations B:hierarchical relations C:linear relations D:paradigmatic relations
答案:paradigmatic relations
7.The closed syllable is the syllable that has _______.
A:onset B:coda C:rhyme D:nucleus
答案:coda
8.Which of the following is the exception to the feature of arbitrariness of language
A:native English words B:one-syllable words C:borrowed words D:echoic words
答案:echoic words
9.The fact that children can aquire spoken language before they can read and write shows that language is primarily __________.
A:arbitrary B:human-specific C:spoken D:written
答案:spoken
10.When language is used to get the hearer to do something, then it serves a _______ function.
A:directive B:interrogative C:expressive D:informative
答案:directive
11.The relation between "dead" and "alive" is labeled as ________.
A:gradability B:hyponymy C:homonymy D:complementarity

12.When pitch, stress and length variations are tied to the sentence rather than to the word, they are collectively known as ________.
A:phoneme B:intonation C:tone D:sentence stress 13.According to Searle, those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action are called _______.
A:expressives B:declaratives C:directives D:commisives 14.One of the property of language is that there is no logical connection between meaning and sounds. This property of language is called________.
A:duality B:productivity C:displacement D:arbitrariness 15.The relation between "animal" and "lamb" is labeled as ________.
A:gradability B:complementarity C:homonymy D:hyponymy 16.Predication analysis is a way to analyze _______ meaning.
A:phoneme B:sentence C:word D:phrase 17._______ is the study of how language works in social interaction.
A:cognitive linguistics B:Psycholinguistics C:Antropological linguistics D:Sociolinguistics 18.A sentence is a ________ concept, and the meaning of a sentence is often studied in isolation.
A:conceptual B:pragmatic C:grammatical D:mental 19.______ refer to the fact that one type of utterance is typically followed by a special type of utterance.
A:Social dialects B:Minimal pairs C:Illocutionary acts D:Adjacency pairs 20.Linguistics studies language. Language here refers to __________.
A:A broader and abstract language B:features of all human languages C:Individual language D:A particular style of language 21._________ are the arguments of “Bill gave Mary a rubber”.
A:Bill B:gave C:rubber D:Mary 22.Which of the following statement about IPA is right?
A:IPA is the acronym of International Phonetic Association. B:IPA chart classifies sound segments into consonants and vowels. C:In IPA, a separate letter stands for each distinctive sound, and that separate symbol should be used for that sound in any language in which it appears. D:The first version of IPA was published in 1888. 23._________ studies speech sounds.
A:phonology B:phonetics C:syntax D:morphology 24.The following are some statements about the co-operative principle. ______ are right.
A:The co-operative principle includes four categories of maxims. B:The co-operative principle was proposed by John Austin. C:The co-operative principle is prescriptive. D:Implicature will arise when co-operative principle and its maxims are flouted. 25.Which of the following is MINIMAL PAIRS?
A:pen and pan B:tin and din C:light and right D:fat and far 26.Which of the following words are blends?
A:Woxbridge B:Brexit C:Bookstore D:Demonstration 27.From the perspective of componential analysis, __________ are antonyms.
A:boy: girl B:woman: man C:man: boy D:woman: girl 28.The following is the statements about allophones. Which is right?
A:Allophones are two different phonemes. B:Allophones are variants of the same phoneme. C:To be allophones, they must bear phonetic similarity. D:To be allophones, they must be in a complementary distribution. 29.Very commonly, blends are created by combining the initial part of the first lexeme and the final part of the second one. Which words are formed in this way?
A:oxbridge B:brunch C:motel D:sitcom 30.Flouting means ___________.
A:Blatant, apparent violation B:Violation without being known by the hearer C:The speaker has shown it clearly that he/she has violated some maxims, yet he/she still follows the CP at a deeper level. D:Indeliberate violation of the speaker 31.Which of the following belongs to synchronic study of language?
A:A comparative study of news in brief in 19th century and 20th century B:Functions of perspective in discourse organization C:A comparative study of classroom discourse in China and America D:An analysis of the current research situation of the language strategies in Arabic countries 32.Semantics differs from pragmatics in that____________.
A:Semantics doesn’t depend on context, while pragmatics does. B:Both studies meaning. C:Semantics studies utterance meaning, while pragmatics studies sentence meaning. D:Semantics studies the more determinate meaning, while pragmatics studies the more indeterminate meaning. 33.Which morpheme is free?
A:“able” in “believable” B:“cake” in “mooncake” C:“boy” in “boys” D:“ship” in “friendship” 34._________ can explain displacement of language.
A:We can understand something we’ve never heard. B:We can talk about Mao Zedong. C:We can create new words, sentences and texts. D:Mary told her parents what happened in school after she came back. 35.____________ are in a relationship of entailment.
A:She saw a dog. She saw an animal. B:The king of France is not wise. There is a king of France. C:May I borrow your book? You have a book. D:John killed Bill. Bill died. 36.By which process of word-formation is the word “childhood”?
A:inflection B:suffixation C:derivation D:compound 37.Which are the following English words created by back-formation?
A:edit B:laser C:bro D:televise 38.In the following examples, which of them can perform recreational function?
A:Song dueling B:哇塞 C:nursery rhythm D:A baby’s babbling 39.According to Austin, _____________ are performatives.
A:I admit I was foolish. B:I warn you this gun is loaded C:We promise to leave. D:I order you to sit down. 40.A sentence cannot be a word or a fragment in strict sense, but an utterance can be a word or a fragment of a sentence.
A:错 B:对 41.Languages using tones, like Chinese, are called tone language.
A:错 B:对 42.Sentence can be extended either by conjoining or embedding, and a construction where constituents have been linked through the use of conjunction indicates a paratactic relation.
A:正确 B:错误 43.Inflectional morphemes manifest various grammatical relations or grammatical categories such as number, tense, degree, and case.
A:对 B:错 44.Cohesion is of a cognitive nature.
A:正确 B:错误 45.Grammatical sentences are formed following a set of syntactic rules.
A:正确 B:错误 46.Generally speaking, pragmatics can be understood as a branch of linguistic study that deals with the factors that govern our choice of language in social interaction and the effects of our choice on others.
A:正确 B:错误 47.If a child is deprived of linguistic environment, he or she is unlikely to learn a language successfully later on.
A:对 B:错 48."The student" in the sentence "The student liked the linguistic lecture", and "The linguistic lecture" in the sentence "The linguistic lecture liked the student." belong to the same syntactic category.
A:对 B:错 49.We can say for certain that language evolves within specific historical, social and cultural contexts.
A:错误 B:正确 50.Austin made the distinction between a constative and a performative.
A:错 B:对 51.In terms of manner of articulation, the sounds [p], [b], [t], [d], [k], [g] are affricates.
A:错误 B:正确 52.Traffic light system has the feature of duality.
A:错 B:对 53.Syntax studies the rules which govern the ways words, word groups and phrases are combined to make grammatical sentences in a language, i.e. it deals with the relationships between elements in sentence structures.
A:错 B:对 54.In most cases, lexicon means vocabulary and is related to the analysis and creation of words, idioms and collocations.
A:正确 B:错误 55.Modern linguistics is mostly prescriptive, but sometimes descriptive.
A:正确 B:错误 56.Modern linguistics regards the spoken language as primary, written language as secondary.
A:错 B:对 57.The requirement that the forms of two or more words of specific word classes which stand in specific syntactic relationship with one another shall also be characterized by the same paradigmatically marked category or categories is called concord.
A:正确 B:错误 58.Utterances always take the form of complete sentences.
A:错 B:对 59.Compounding is the formation of new words by joining two or more stems.
A:正确 B:错误