提示:内容已经过期谨慎付费,点击上方查看最新答案
3s技术及其应用进展
- While lines are still manually traced, the accuracy level of heads-up digitizing is usually ( ) than that of manual digitizing.
- Which of the following statements is NOT correct ?( )
- ( ) states that in the infrared spectrum, the spectral emissivity of an object and its spectral absorptance are roughly the same in the same dimension.
- Which of the following is not GIS output devices? ( )
- The ( ) is a region of short-wave radiation that lies between the X-ray region and the limit of human vision.
- If your study area is the campus of Harbin Normal University, which data will you choose?( )
The color of forest in a standard false-color imagery is ( ).
- In addition to the position, which of the following geometric objects have the properties of area and perimeter: ( ).
- For optical remote sensing systems, the nominal spatial resolution of the sensor system largely depends on the size of ( )projected on the ground.
- Unlike the American GPS, Russian GLONASS, and European Galileo systems, which use median Earth orbit satellites, BeiDou-1 uses satellites in ( ).
- Which satellite carries OLI, ETM+ and TIRS sensors at the same time? ( )
- ( ) is ideal for meteorological or communication satellites, designed to maintain a constant position relative to a specific area on the earth's surface.
- The ( )refers to the line of tangency of the projection surface and the reference globe, and the ( )defines the center of the map projection.( )
Which of the following is not a description of image texture? ( )
- Which of the following is not the basic code in GPS? ( )
- The radiometric resolution of Vegetation sensor carried by SPOT-4 is 10 bit, how many tone levels does the Vegetation imagery have? ( )
- If I want to preserve shape during projection, I need to choose ( ) map projection.
- ( ) does not belong to active remote sensing.
The apparent displacement of objects immersed in clear water is a ( ) phenomenon that occurs when solar energy passes through the earth’s atmosphere.
- According to Stefan-Boltzmann Law, a blackbody with a higher temperature emits ( ) energy per unit area comparing to a blackbody with a lower temperature.
- The Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) grid system divides the Earth's surface between 84° N and 80° S into 80 zones. ( )
- Amplitude specifies the extent to which the peaks of one waveform align with those of another. ( ).
- The emissivity is the ratio of the emissivity of a selective radiator in the real world to that of a blackbody at the same temperature.( )
- The interactive tracing method automates individual line tracing process by tracing one line at a time under the guidance of the operator. ( )
- Dry bare soil typically results in high reflectance in both red and near infrared regions. ( )
- LiDAR data can be collected at night if necessary. ( )
- For passive remote sensing, sensors need to generate their own energy, then record the reflection of that energy from the Earth’s surface. ( )
- Digital Terrain Models (DTM) contains elevation information about all features in the landscape, such as vegetation, buildings, and other structures. ( )
- The infrared spectrum is very large relative to the visible region, as it extends from 0.72 to 15 μm ( )
- Nonselective scattering is caused by particles that are much larger than the wavelength of the scattered radiation. ( )
- The color of forest in a standard false-color imagery is red. ( )
- The orange we see in the sky of the sandstorm is due to Rayleigh scattering. ( )
- The emissivity of a true whitebody is 1, which is a perfect reflector. ( )
- Most common map projections may be projected onto one of developable surfaces touching or intersecting the globe. ( )
- Image texture is the frequency of tonal change on an image, or the apparent roughness or smoothness of an image region. ( )
- The radiometric resolution of IKONOS imagery is 11 bits, thus the IKONOS imagery has 2047 tone levels. ( )
- Datum is defined by an ellipsoid and that ellipsoid’s position relative to the earth. ( )
- If we use cones as developable surfaces in map projection, some concentric circles will be formed. ( )
Far infrared is similar to optical systems, in a manner analogous to radiation in the visible spectrum. ( )
- The SPOT-1 is the first satellite using whiskbroom scanning approach in the world. ( )
Which of the following statements about polygon feature are correct?( )
- During World War II (1939–1945), use of the electromagnetic spectrum was extended from almost exclusive emphasis on the visible spectrum to other regions, most notably the ( ).
Which of the following statements about spectral resolution are correct: ( ).
The parameters of transverse Mercator projection include ( ).
- Traditionally, common tools used to analyze raster data can be divided into ( ).
- The subtractive primary colors of subtractive color theory include( ).
- Which of following are commonly used for projection surfaces of map projection ? ( )
- Which of the following statements is correct? ( ).
- Which data source belongs to passive remote sensing? ( )
- The cell value in the raster could be a ( ).
The molecules of atmospheric gases that could cause Rayleigh scattering are ( ).
- The ( ) serve as the baselines of the geographic coordinate system.
The parameters of Lambert conformal conic include ( ).
Which of the following statements about line feature are correct?( )
- What elements can be used for image interpretation? ( )
- Generally speaking, the GIS models include ( ).
- Which of the following are the instrument errors of GPS? ( )
- Automatic vectorization refers to the use of ( ) technologies to automatically trace lines from scanned raster images.
Which of the following statements about the user segment of GPS are correct?( )
- What primary colors can be mixed to form yellow? ( )
A:slower B:higher C:faster D:lower
AI参考:正确答案是 B:higher。在句子中提到“尽管线条仍然需要人工描绘,但实景扫描数字化精度通常比手动数字化高。”所以选项B“higher”(更高)是正确的。而其他选项中,slower(更慢)、faster(更快)和lower(更低)都与句子的含义不符。因此,正确答案是B。'
A:A floating-point raster requires more computer memory than an integer raster. B:A floating-point raster has a value attribute table for access to its cell values. C:An integer raster has no decimal digits values. D:Floating-point raster has decimal digits values.
答案:They perform rituals and get momentary relief from the anxiety.
答案:WORLDWIDEAI参考:选项C:The spectral emissivity of an object and its spectral absorptance are equal in the same dimension.解释:在红外光谱中,一个物体的光谱发射率与其光谱吸光度在相同的维度上大致相等。这是红外辐射与吸收的基本原理之一。因此,选项C是正确的。'
A:Graphic digitizer B:Graphic display terminal C:printer D:Plotter
AI参考:选项【A:Graphic digitizer】不是GIS输出设备。GIS(地理信息系统)输出设备通常包括图形显示器终端、打印机和绘图仪等。图形显示器终端可以将GIS数据以图形方式展示出来,便于观察和分析。打印机可以将GIS数据打印成纸质文档,便于存档和分享。绘图仪则可以用于绘制地图、等值线图、三维地形图等GIS相关的图形图像。而图形数字仪主要用于输入数据,不是输出设备。因此,答案是A:Graphic digitizer。'
A:ultraviolet spectrum B:visible spectrum C:microwave energy D:infrared spectrum
AI参考:正确答案是D:infrared spectrum。红外光谱是介于可见光谱与微波辐射之间的电磁辐射,它所对应的电磁波波长较长,是一种短波辐射。因此,选项D是正确答案。其他选项中,紫外线光谱属于可见光谱,微波能量属于电磁波谱中的一部分,与红外光谱不同。因此,选项A、C都不正确。'
A:SPOT4 Vegetation imagery B:WorldView-2 imagery C:NOAA imagery D:MODIS imagery
答案:
A:black B:red C:green D:blue
AI参考:正确选项是【C:green】。森林在标准假彩色图像中的颜色是绿色。这是因为假彩色图像通常使用红绿蓝三色作为基本色彩,而森林中的树木通常呈现绿色,因此森林在假彩色图像中的颜色也被表示为绿色。其他选项中,黑色、红色和蓝色都不符合实际情况。'
A:polyline B:polygon C:point D:line
答案:Both Aand B.
A:LMP B:IFOV C:GSD D:GRD
答案:错AI参考:正确答案是B:IFOV。在光学遥感系统中,传感器的名义空间分辨率主要取决于地面上的像元大小,也就是IFOV(视场焦距)。因此,答案为B。A选项LMP(地面分辨率)通常用于描述数字图像或传感器分辨率,而不是空间分辨率。C选项GSD(地理空间分辨率)通常用于描述地理信息系统中的数据分辨率,而D选项GRD(地理参照系统)通常用于描述地理空间数据的参照系统。'
A:Sun-synchronous orbit B:Circular orbit C:Geostationary orbit D:Near polar orbit
AI参考:答案为C:Geostationary orbit。中国北斗卫星导航系统(BeiDou-1)与美国的GPS、俄罗斯的GLONASS和欧洲的Galileo系统不同,这些系统使用的是中地球轨道卫星,而北斗-1使用的是地球静止轨道卫星。地球静止轨道(Geostationary orbit)也被称为GSO,是指卫星在赤道上空约35700千米的高度上运行,相对于地球表面静止不动。因此,正确答案是C。'
A:Landsat 4 B:Landsat 7 C:Landsat 8 D:Landsat 3
AI参考:正确答案是B:Landsat 7。Landsat 7卫星同时搭载了OLI(光学成像仪)、ETM+(增强型热红外传感器)和TIRS(热红外辐射计)三种传感器,是同时搭载这三款传感器的卫星。因此,B选项是正确答案。'
A:Sun-synchronous orbit B:Near polar orbit C:Circular orbit D:Geostationary orbit
AI参考:正确答案是A:Sun-synchronous orbit。Sun-synchronous orbit是一种理想的用于气象或通信卫星的轨道,它能够保持相对于地球表面特定区域的恒定位置。因此,答案为A。Near polar orbit、Circular orbit和Geostationary orbit虽然也是轨道类型,但与题干中的描述不符。'
A:standard line、center line B:standard line、datum C:datum、center line D:center line、standard line
AI参考:正确选项是【C:datum、center line】。第一个空填datum,指的是基准线,指的是投影面的法线,也就是投影面与参考球相交的线。第二个空填center line,指的是中心线,它定义了地图投影的中心。因此,选项C是正确的。其他选项的含义与题意不符。'
A:the apparent smoothness of an image region B:the apparent roughness of an image region C:the frequency of tonal change on an image D:relative brightness of objects in the image
AI参考:正确答案是D:relative brightness of objects in the image。选项D描述的是图像中物体的相对亮度,而其他选项都是关于图像纹理的描述。图像纹理通常包括图像区域的表面粗糙度、光滑度、频率和灰度变化等特征,因此选项A、B、C都是正确的描述。因此,选项D不是图像纹理的描述。'
A:P-code B:Normal code C:C/A code D:Navigation code
AI参考:正确答案是B:Normal code。GPS的基本码包括P码、C/A码和导航码,其中P码是最高精度码,C/A码是最常用的基本码,导航码是用于确定卫星位置的。因此,选项B“Normal code”不是GPS的基本码。'
A:512 B:2048 C:1024 D:256
AI参考:答案:B解析:该卫星影像的分像片素数是固定的2048个色阶。该问题只需要通过看题目所给的关键词直接找出答案即可,不需要再进一步的分析推理。所以正确选项为B,即2048。'
A:Equidistant B:Equivalent C:Azimuthal D:Conformal
AI参考:正确答案是D:Conformal。在投影过程中,如果想要保持形状不变,应该选择等积投影,选项D是等积投影的一种,因此是正确答案。选项A、B、C都不是等积投影,因此不正确。'
A:Available-light photograph B:LiDAR. C:SONAR D:Flash photograph
AI参考:正确答案是A:Available-light photograph。Active remote sensing 是指主动遥感,即利用传感器发射电磁波或声波等能量,再接收反射回来的能量,从而实现对地物的探测。而Available-light photograph 是被动遥感的一种,它利用光线反射、散射等原理获取地物信息,与主动遥感不同。LiDAR(激光雷达)、SONAR(声呐)和Flash photograph(闪光摄影)都属于主动遥感技术。因此,选项A是正确答案。'
A:scattering B:radiation C:refraction D:absorb
AI参考:正确选项是C:refraction。根据题干中的描述,物体浸入清澈的水中时,物体的位置似乎发生了偏移,这种现象是由于太阳能量穿过地球的大气层时发生的折射现象。因此,选项C是正确的。选项A是散射现象,选项B是辐射现象,选项D是吸收现象,这三个选项与题干描述的现象不符。'
A:more B:equivalent C:less D:little
AI参考:正确答案是 A:more 。Stefan-Boltzmann Law指出,温度较高的黑体比温度较低的黑体辐射更多能量。因此,A选项“more”是正确答案。'
A:错 B:对
AI参考:答案:B:对。根据题干中所描述的内容,Universal Transverse Mercator(UTM)网格系统将地球表面从北纬84度到南纬80度划分为80个区域。因此,答案为B,表示这个说法是正确的。'
A:错 B:对
AI参考:B:对。Amplitude是指波形的振幅,它规定了波形峰值的相对位置,因此可以确定两个波形之间的匹配程度。所以,这个判断题是正确的。'
A:错 B:对
AI参考:正确答案是B:对。根据热辐射定律,发射率是实际辐射器与相同温度下黑体之间的比率,用于描述辐射器发射热辐射的能力。因此,题目所述正确,即选项B为正确答案。'
A:错 B:对
AI参考:答案:B:对。根据问题描述,交互式追踪方法通过在操作员的指导下逐一追踪一条线来自动化个体线追踪过程。因此,该判断题描述的是正确的。'
A:对 B:错
AI参考:正确答案是B:错。土壤干燥裸露时,土壤反射率通常较高,在红色和近红外区域也会有较高的反射。但这句话的意思并非说干燥裸露的土壤会导致在两个区域都有高反射率,所以该说法是错误的。'
A:错 B:对
AI参考:答案:B:对。LiDAR数据可以在必要时在夜间进行收集。'
A:错 B:对
AI参考:正确答案是B:对。在被动遥感中,传感器不需要自己产生能量,而是通过接收来自地球表面的反射能量来进行记录。因此,这个陈述是正确的。'
A:对 B:错
A:错 B:对
AI参考:正确答案是B:对。红外光谱相对于可见区域范围更大,它从0.72微米到15微米之间。因此,这个说法是正确的。'
A:错 B:对
AI参考:正确答案是B:对。非选择性散射是由比散射辐射波长大的粒子引起的。这意味着较大的粒子会散射更多的辐射,导致散射的光线不集中,形成漫射。因此,这个说法是正确的。'
A:对 B:错
AI参考:答案是B:错。标准假彩色图像中的森林颜色通常不是红色,而是绿色或棕色,取决于森林的种类和植被类型。因此,这个陈述是错误的。'
A:对 B:错
AI参考:答案:A。根据题目描述,在沙尘暴的天空中看到的橙色是因为瑞利散射。瑞利散射是一种光学现象,当光穿过某些物质(如灰尘、烟雾等)时,光会发生散射,使光的颜色发生改变。因此,这个判断题是正确的。'
A:对 B:错
A:错 B:对
AI参考:B:对。地图投影可以投影到与地球接触或相交的可开发表面上。最常见的是投影到球面上的多边形区域,这些区域被称为地图框。常见的地图框有兰伯特矩形、长方形、椭圆形等。因此,答案为B,即地图投影可以投影到与地球接触或相交的可开发表面上。'
A:错 B:对
AI参考:对。图像纹理是图像中灰度级空间变化频率的表现,或者说是一个图像区域的粗糙程度或平滑程度的视觉表现。'
A:错 B:对
A:对 B:错
AI参考:答案是B:错。根据问题描述,需要判断Datum的定义是否与地球的椭球体及其相对于地球的位置有关。但是,Datum的定义通常涉及地理坐标系统的参考基准,而不是与地球的椭球体及其位置有关。因此,答案为B,即“错”。'
A:错 B:对
AI参考:正确答案是【对】。如果使用圆锥作为可展开的表面来进行地图投影,那么会形成一些同心圆。这是因为圆锥的展开面是一个圆,所以在投影过程中会产生同心圆。'
A:对 B:错
AI参考:答案是B:错。远红外与光学系统相似,但其辐射类似于可见光谱中的辐射,而并非真正的光学系统。因此,该判断题表述错误。'
A:对 B:错
AI参考:答案:B:错解析:SPOT-1是世界上第一颗采用推帚式扫描方式的卫星,但是世界上还有其他卫星也采用过推帚式扫描方式,因此该题错误。'
A:Polygon feature has the property of area and perimeter B:A polygon may stand alone or share boundaries C:Polygon feature has the property of location D:Polygon feature is three dimensional
A:near infrared B:ultraviolet C:infrared D:microwave regions
AI参考:正确答案是【ABCD】。在第二次世界大战期间(1939-1945),电磁谱的使用从对可见光谱的几乎完全侧重扩展到了其他区域,最显著的是近红外、紫外、红外和微波区域。因此,正确选项为近红外、紫外、红外和微波区域。'
A:It relates to wavelength interval(s) recorded by sensor B:It is difficult to focus on specific wavelength C:It refers to the number and width of wavelength intervals in spectrum that sensor detects D:It tends to be high with the increase of spatial resolution
A:latitude of origin B:scale factor at central meridian C:false easting and false northing D:longitude of central meridian
AI参考:正确选项为D:longitude of central meridian 。横轴墨卡托投影的参数包括经度中心线(longitude of central meridian)、纬度原点(latitude of origin)、中央经线比例因子(scale factor at central meridian)和伪经纬度(false easting and false northing)。因此,选项A、B、C均正确,但不是横轴墨卡托投影的特定参数。因此,答案为D。'
A:neighborhood B:local C:global operation D:zonal
AI参考:正确选项是【C:global operation】。传统上,用于分析栅格数据的常见工具可以分为全局操作(global operation)。这些工具可以对整个栅格数据进行操作,例如计算栅格数据的平均值、最大值、最小值、标准差等。而其他选项如邻域(neighborhood)通常用于局部操作,例如对栅格数据中的特定区域进行统计和分析;局部(local)通常用于分析栅格数据中的特定细节或特征;区域(zonal)通常用于对不同区域进行分类或统计。因此,正确答案是global operation。'
A:Yellow B:Red C:Cyan D:Magenta
AI参考:正确答案是:C:Cyan D:Magenta。在减法三原色理论中,减法三原色是青色(Cyan)、品红色(Magenta)和黄色(Yellow)。因此,选项C和D是正确答案。'
A:Cones B:Cylinders C:Spheres D:Planes
AI参考:正确选项是 D: Planes。地图投影通常用于投影地图上的地理数据,其中平面投影是最常用的投影方法之一。常见的平面投影包括等积投影和等距投影,它们可以将地图上的地理数据准确地投影到平面上,并且保持地理数据的形状和比例不变。因此,选项 D 是最符合要求的。其他选项如圆锥面(A)、圆柱面(B)和球面(C)不是常用的地图投影表面,因为它们无法保持地理数据的形状和比例不变。'
A:Good reflectors are good emitters B:Good absorbers are good reflectors C:Good absorbers are good emitters D:Good reflectors are poor emitters
A:TM imagery B:Quickbird imagery C:LiDAR D:orthophoto
A:integer value B:grid value C:categorical value D:floating-point value
AI参考:正确选项是【D:floating-point value】。在栅格中,单元格值可以是浮点数值,即小数形式的数值,因此选项D是正确的。选项A和C是错误的,因为整数和分类值不是栅格中的常见类型。选项B也是错误的,因为grid value并不是一个标准的术语或类型。'
A:H2O B:N2 C:O2 D:CO2
AI参考:正确选项为 D:CO2大气中能够引起瑞利散射的分子是二氧化碳(CO2)。瑞利散射是一种光在气体分子中发生的散射现象,当光波波长较短时,散射作用较强。二氧化碳是一种气体分子,其分子量较大,对可见光的散射作用较强。其他选项中,水蒸气(H2O)、氮气(N2)和氧气(O2)对可见光的散射作用较弱,不属于能够引起瑞利散射的分子。'
A:equatorial plane B:meridians C:equator D:prime meridian
AI参考:正确选项是【C,equator】。经线、赤道、子午线都是地理坐标系的基本参考线,而地球上的经线在赤道平面上交汇,所以赤道作为地理坐标系的基准。因此,选项C是正确答案。选项A和B是描述经线的,选项D是描述子午线的,它们都是地理坐标系统的基础,但不如赤道普遍适用。'
A:latitude of origin B:false easting and false northing C:the first and second standard parallels D:longitude of central meridian
AI参考:【答案】BCD分析:Lambert conformal conic投影是一种等面积伪圆柱投影,这种投影需要设定投影的基准纬度、中央经线、第一和第二标准纬线等参数。其中,选项A的“latitude of origin”是投影的基准纬度,而BCD选项的“false easting and false northing”、“the first and second standard parallels”、“longitude of central meridian”则是Lambert conformal conic投影的参数。因此,正确选项为BCD。'
A:Line feature is one dimensional B:Line feature is two dimensional C:Line feature has the property of length D:Line feature has only the property of location
A:Tone B:Texture C:Association D:Site
AI参考:正确选项是【ABD】。解释:图像解释需要关注图像的色调(A)和纹理(B),这些是图像的基本视觉特征,可以帮助人们理解和解读图像。同时,图像的地点(D)也是解释图像的重要因素,因为地点可以提供关于图像背景和环境的信息。而关联性(C)通常不是图像解释的主要考虑因素,除非在特定情况下需要分析图像之间的关联性。'
A:Regression model B:Process model C:Index models D:Binary models
A:Ephemeris errors B:Selective availability C:Satellite clock errors D:Multipath
AI参考:正确选项是:BCD。GPS的仪器误差包括卫星时钟误差、电离层误差、对流层误差和多路径误差。其中,选择性可用性(Selective Availability)是一种人为设置的误差,旨在降低GPS系统的精度,以防止其被用于军事导航。卫星时钟误差和多路径是GPS系统中的常见误差源。因此,选项BCD都是GPS的仪器误差。选项A的“Ephemeris errors”是指星历误差,虽然也是GPS误差来源之一,但并不是所有GPS用户都会遇到的问题,因此不是所有用户都需要考虑的误差源。'
A:manual tracking B:pattern recognition C:image processing D:interactive tracing
AI参考:正确选项是【C:image processing】。自动矢量化是指使用图像处理技术,自动追踪从扫描的栅格图像中获得的线条。选项A、B、D虽然也与图像处理有关,但并不直接用于自动追踪扫描的图像线条,因此不是正确答案。'
A:They receive signals from visible satellites B:They receive data from multiple satellites C:They do not transmit signals D:They carry accurate atomic clocks
AI参考:正确选项是【B:They receive data from multiple satellites】。GPS用户接收器接收来自多颗卫星的数据,而不是信号,因此选项A不正确。用户接收器不需要发送信号,因此选项C不正确。用户接收器中确实包含精确的原子钟,但这不是用户接收器属于某个特定用户群体的原因,因此选项D也不正确。综上所述,只有选项B是关于GPS用户群体的正确陈述。'
A:Green B:Blue C:Magenta D:Red
AI参考:正确选项为D:Red。三原色是红、绿、蓝,这三种颜色可以混合成其他颜色。其中,红色可以与其他两种原色混合成黄色。因此,选项D是正确的。其他选项中,绿色和蓝色不能混合成黄色,而洋红色是一种不同于黄色的颜色。'