第一章 Fundamental Topics：Fundamental Topics1.1Introduction:Chapter 1 Introduction[单选题]第一部有完整体系的国际法著作是《战争与和平法》，其作者是（ ）
1.2Definition of international law:What are the crucial factors that make international law stand out among other kind of laws? How should we understand the term "International Law"? And what is international law? International law actually is the rule dimension of international relations, on the one hand, it is the method of rules of international relations, among other methods such as diplomatic settlement, political means, economic means, and even force means.And on the other hand, we have many fields in international relations.
1.3Nature of international law:What is law? Whether international law is a kind of law? When we compare international law with domestic law, the legal mode set by Hart, we can come to the conclusion that international law would not be law, and it has no opportunity to be law. But from other aspects we can find that international law also includes secondarily rules, since international law is a specific of a special type of law,that is: it is horizontal, based on consent, also weak and asymmetric.
1.4History of IL:International law has a long history. Although the modern international law system we are familiar with has been gradually constructed over the past 100 years, the practice of international law has emerged among European countries since the 15th century. The treaty system of Westphalia, the Vienna system, Versailles - Washington system and Yalta system after World War II are all based on the corresponding international legal order. The development history of international law is closely related to the development of international politics, economy and culture.
1.5International law and municipal law:Theories of international law has two sets of theories, that is: natural law tradition and positive law tradition. The so-called natural law means that rules without any man made factors,these kind of rules ask people to behave in a good way. And the positive law related to treaties, agreement, customs, institutions and every other things man-made.Natural law has a very long tradition and positive law developed a lot with the development of international society, and plays a more and more important role in international law. While positive law just care about man-made rules, sometimes people make misstate, and hysteric than reality.
边沁
孟德斯鸠
苏文
格老秀斯
答案：格劳秀斯
[单选题]国际法在西方文献中曾先后使用过“万国法”“国家间的法”等名称，首次使用“国际法”的学者是（ ）
惠顿
格老秀斯
边沁
苏文
答案：A边沁
国际法的主体主要是国家
国际法的制定者主要是国家
国际法是通过特定的权威机关强制各国执行国际法的
国际法是有拘束力的，对国家或其他国际人格者是有强制性的
答案：国际法是通过特定的权威机关强制各国执行国际法的
实在法学派
自然法学派
前苏联法学派
格老秀斯法学派
答案：自然法学派格老秀斯法学派实在法学派
国家间的关系
国家与外国人的关系
国家与国际组织的关系
国家与跨国公司的关系
答案：国家间的关系国家与国际组织的关系
第二次世界大战结束
1789年法国大革命
俄国十月革命
资产阶级革命
答案：俄国十月革命
中国国内法涉外的因素
中国国际法的起源
世界最早的国际法
一些国际法因素的萌芽，与现代国际法没有直接的联系
答案：一些国际法因素的萌芽，与现代国际法没有直接的联系
国际法效力的根据是体现各国的协调意志的协议
国际法效力的根据是社会连带关系的事实，并由统治阶级把这种连带关系的事实制定成条约或法律的形式。
国际法效力的根据是自然人和国家意志的合一
国际法效力的根据是现实的国家意志。
答案：国际法效力的根据是体现各国的协调意志的协议
国际法独立于国际政治并不明显受国际政治的影响
国际法的主体包括国家、准国家和国际组织
国际法以平等协助为基础
国际法可可以称为“不可裁判的法”、“外交法”
答案：国际法独立于国际政治并不明显受国际政治的影响
各国政府的共同意志
各国统治者的一致理想
各国统治阶级之间的协议意志
各国统治阶级的意志
答案：各国统治阶级之间的协议意志
