国际关系与国际法第十二章测试_智慧树知到答案2021年

第十二章 Economy：Economy12.1Economy:What is international economic law? How shall we understand this term? How many kinds of understandings are there in international society toward this term? While there are three different understandings of international economic law. Each has different definition and different scope of international economic law.
12.2The concept of international economic law:The concept of international economic law
12.3The Bretton Woods system and international economic organizations:The Bretton Woods system of monetary management established the rules for commercial and financial relations among the United States, Canada, Western Europe countries, Australia, and Japan after the 1944 Bretton Woods Agreement. The Bretton Woods system was the first example of a fully negotiated monetary order intended to govern monetary relations among independent states. The chief features of the Bretton Woods system were an obligation for each country to adopt a monetary policy that maintained its external exchange rates within 1 percent by tying its currency to gold and the ability of the IMF to bridge temporary imbalances of payments. Also, there was a need to address the lack of cooperation among other countries and to prevent competitive devaluation of the currencies as well
12.4The International Monetary Fund (IMF):After the world war, there was a Bretton woods system, and this system actually has two parts:the first issue is international monetary. It linked all that money of each state to U.S. Dollar and lined the U.S. Dollar to gold. And the second issue is that it meant to establish a liberal system of international economy, and there emerged IMF, GATT and also the successor of WTO. Is this system still operating in modern society? We may go back to the history and analyze it with states` practice.
12.5The World Bank:World Band was established in 1944 in the Bretton Woods. It provides needed capital an technical assistance to needed states and prohibits the political activities. The initial aim of WB was to benefit European states but by and by the developing countries try to get some benefits form the WB system also. So, what status does WB hold in modern society?
12.6From the GATT to the WTO:WTO is one of the most important and most influential international organization in the world today. It is the successor of GATT . GATT emerged as a surprise gift though the attempt to establish a international trade organization, the ITO, failed. GATT is a series of agreements based on states` consents. And generally in Uruguay round, agreement reached, a new international trade organization was established.
12.7The new World Trade Organization:After the establishment of WTO, the members have never stopped to look for an opportunity to begin a new round of negotiation on trade issues. They tried to settle some problems in texitile and argriculture goods. Though this process is not smooth at all, in Bali conference, the ministers had reached several agreements.
12.8NIEO:The New International Economic Order ever advocated in the past years but not recently. What is the reason behind this kind of phenomenon? Why do some states make more efforts to advocate multilateral agreements of regional level instead of world level? Why they resort to other systems instead of WTO?
12.9Expropriation and standard of compensation:In what circumstance can a state apply expropriation? Are there any standards for expropriation? What are the state practices on this issue? There are at least four requirements, that are: aim of the expropriation should for the public interest, the process should be legal, non-discrimination, and the last one: Compensation is reasonable degree. While, the specific standard of compensation is still in controversy.
12.10Disguised expropriation:What is disguised expropriation? In modern international law, there is no recognition on disguised expropriation. The criteria to value whether a expropriation is unlawful is that whether the conduct touches the basic interest of the foreign investors. Whatever the reason is, and whatever the nation is, the conduct shall be regarded as disguised expropriation.
12.11The right to development:What is the so-called "right to development"? What`s the background of this kind of right? What`s the significance of this kind of right? While the right to development is always defined as one of the third generation of human rights. This kind of human right not only related to individuals but also to collectives. It means that all the individuals and also the groups have the opportunity to develop themselves fully, not just in economic sense but also in the meaning of social and culture.

[单选题]下列选项中属于确立一般航空法律制度的条约的是（    ）
1963《东京条约》
1970《海牙公约》
《国际航空运输协定》
《巴黎航空公约》
答案：《巴黎航空公约》
[单选题]关于航空法，下列表述错误的是（    ）
领空是地面国领土的构成部分
外国飞行棋在别国领空享有无害通过权
国家对领空有完全排他的主权
航空法只适用于民航飞行器[单选题]二战后，国际民用航空重建的法律和组织的框架是（    ）
《国际民用航空公约》
1919《巴黎公约》
1970《海牙公约》
1963《东京条约》[单选题]甲、乙两国是邻国，关系一直紧张。甲国曾多次出动空军，非法轰炸乙国境内的军事目标。“飞翔号”是承担甲、丙两国间航班飞行的民航机，在甲国注册。一日，因天气原因，“飞翔号”在飞往丙国途中偏离航线，误入乙国境内。甲乙丙三国都是国际民航组织的成员国，甲乙两国之间并没有双边的航空或航线协定。对此，下列哪一选项是正确的？
乙国无权要求位于其境内的“飞翔号”在其制定安全地点降落
在“飞翔号”载客不明的情形下，乙国有权对其使用武器，将其击落
“飞翔号”是民航机，在估计安全的情况下，可以自行飞入乙国领空
乙国有权要求“飞翔号”立即离开乙国领空[单选题]月球主人公司是甲国人汤姆在甲国注册的公司，专门从事出售月球土地的生意。该公司把月球分为若干部分购买者选购，并称通过与该公司订立“月球契约”，买方就拥有了其购买的月球特定部分的所有权。对此，根据外层空间法的有关规则，下列判断哪一选项是正确的？
该类契约规定的所有权，必须得到甲国国家的特别批准方能在国际法上成立
该类契约可以构成甲国国家对月球相关部分主张主权的证据
该类契约必须在联合国外空委员会登记，以确立购买者在国际法上的所有权
即使该类契约受甲国国内法保护，该所有权在国际法上也不能成立[单选题]在1980年《联合国国际货物买卖合同公约》的起草过程中作出了杰出贡献的法学家是( )。
施米托夫
莫里斯
奥本海
大卫·李嘉图[单选题]在国际贸易法的编篡和统一的活动中,60年代初完成国际货物买卖统一法编纂工作的是(  )。
联合国贸易与发展会议
国际商会
联合国国际贸易法委员会
罗马国际统一私法研究所[单选题]1990年《国际贸易术语解释通则》将13个贸易术语分为E、F、C、D四组,其依据的是在货物交接过程中(  )。
所有权转移
交货的方式
费用的多少
卖方承担义务的大小[单选题]根据1990年《国际贸易术语解释通则》,卖方有义务自费订立海上货物运输合同,并支付运费的贸易术语是(  )。
FOB
FAS
FCA
CFR[单选题]1980年《联合国国际货物买卖合同公约》对承诺生效时间的确定所采用的原则是(  )。
送达生效
了解生效
投邮生效
签字生效