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跨文化认知与文明互鉴：希腊
Greece is the birthplace of the ancient Olympic Games, first recorded in 776 BC in Olympia, and hosted the modern Olympic Games ( ).
It is widely accepted today that the history of Greece began around the Late Bronze Period, marked by the appearance of the first great Greek civilization, the ( ).
According to Plato, there exists a perfect realm of what he calls ( ), or Ideas, and our world merely contains shadows of that realm.
Homer’s epics refer to the Iliad and the ( ).
- Socrates pointed out that human choice was motivated by the desire for ( ).
Greek began to be taught in western European colleges and universities for the first time during ( ).
- In May 2017, the first Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation was convened in ( ).
- In the Elements, Euclid deduced the theorems of what is now called Euclidean geometry from a small set of ( ).
- Socrates is remembered for his teaching methods and for ( ).
- Greece's ( ) —many of which are turned into olive oil—are the country's most renowned export crop.
- The core of Plato's philosophy is ( ).
- Homer, the author of The Iliad and The Odyssey, referred to olive oil as ( ).
- The first modern Olympics was held in ( ) in 1896.
Ancient Greek architecture is best known for its ( ).
- ( ) is arguably the oldest form of occupation of the Greeks and has been a key element of Greek economic activity.
- Myths were used to ( ) historical events so that people could maintain contact with their ancestors, the wars they fought, and the places they explored.
- The most famous architectural achievement of Minoan period is definitely the impressive ( ).
- We need to stay open and inclusive and draw on each other's ( ).
- The ( ) created a pipe or tunnel system to carry water from natural springs outside of the citadel into the cisterns inside of the citadel to supply fresh water.
The Elements is a mathematical treatise consisting of ( ) books.
- The world today is moving toward greater ( ), and is becoming increasingly information-oriented.
- The common materials of Greek architecture were ( ) etc.
Aristotle’s achievements include: ( )
Through the medium of geometry, Archimedes was able to elucidate the principles for such basic devices as ( ) -- devices still utilized today.
- The Greeks used many different types of materials in their sculptures including：（ ）.
Greek writers are responsible for the introduction of such genres as ( ) to the world.
- Important Greek industries include ( ) etc.
Beautiful sceneries like ( ) are all in Greece.
- ( ) astronomers developed systems that became the basis for Greek astronomy.
- Ancient Greek Philosophy dealt with a wide variety of subjects, including ( ) etc.
- The architectural art of ancient Greece is the source and treasure house of European architectural art. ( ）
- The national colours of Greece are blue and black. ( ）
- The Iliad and The Odyssey are two of the key works of the key literary sources for Greek mythology and of Western civilization.（ ）
- The Ionic Order developed on mainland Greece and spread to Italy. It is most easily recognized by its capital, which appears as a circular cushion placed on top of a column onto which a lintel rests. ( ）
- Aristotle believed that the earth is a sphere. ( )
- Succeeding Aristotle and preceding Socrates, Plato was the second of the great trio of ancient Greeks. （ ）
- Ancient Greece was home to a lot of famous and great philosophers. ( )
- Minoan architecture is also marked by its circular structures and tapered domes with flat-bedded, cantilevered courses. ( ）
- Linear A has not been fully decoded till today. （ ）
It was Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle that are considered the three greatest Greek Philosophers of all times. ( )
- “Politics” is derived from an ancient Greek word that refers to the Greek polis. ( ）
The first English translation of the Odyssey was in the 19th century.（ ）
Greece is the birthplace of democracy. ( ）
- Greece has the longest coastline in the world. （ ）
The people of the poleis spoke similar languages and worshipped many of the same gods. ( ）
A:four times B:three times C:once D:twice
答案:对
A:Dorians B:Aegean C:Mycenaean D:Minoan
答案:ect of studyAI参考:正确答案是C：Mycenaean。根据题干中的描述，希腊历史开始于晚青铜器时期，标志着第一大希腊文明的出现，而选项中只有Mycenaean符合描述，因此答案为C。Dorians是希腊的一个民族，不是文明，因此不正确。其他选项Aegean、Minoan与题干描述不符。'
A:Cave B:Reality C:Forms D:Truth
AI参考:正确答案是C: Forms。根据柏拉图的观点，存在一个完美的理念世界，他称之为“形式”（Forms），而我们的世界只是包含那个世界在现实中的影子。所以答案为C。'
答案:Odyssey
A:health B:luck C:happiness D:wealth
AI参考:Socrates指出，人的选择是由对幸福的渴望所驱动的。因此，正确答案是C：happiness。'
A:the Renaissance B:the Archaic period C:the Middle Ages D:the Classical period
AI参考:正确答案是D:the Classical period。希腊语在西方欧洲学院和大学中首次被教授是在古典时期（Classical period）。在古典时期，希腊文化对欧洲文化产生了深远影响，因此许多学院和大学开始教授希腊语，以更好地了解希腊文化。其他选项中，文艺复兴（the Renaissance）时期开始于15世纪，与希腊语的教学时间不符；中世纪（the Middle Ages）时期则是在古典时期之后，因此也不符合题意；而古代时期（the Archaic period）通常指的是公元前3000年到公元前500年左右的历史时期，与希腊语的教学时间也不符。因此，答案为D。'
A:London B:New York C:Shanghai D:Beijing
答案:Beijing
A:hypothesis B:operation C:axioms D:calculation
AI参考:正确选项是C：axioms。在元素中，欧几里得从一小套公理（axioms）推导出现在被称为欧几里得几何的定理。 hypothesis假设，operation操作，calculation计算，都不符合题意。'
A:writing good articles B:playing good music C:asking thought-provoking questions D:representing the classical era of Greek philosophy
答案:/d/AI参考:正确答案是C:asking thought-provoking questions。Socrates以其教学方法和提出具有启发性的问题而被人们铭记。选项A和B与他的贡献无关，选项D指的是希腊哲学中的古典时期，与Socrates无关。因此，C选项“问具有启发性的问题”是正确答案。'
A:lemons B:olives C:seeds D:grapes
A:The Republics B:Platonic Solids C:Platonic Love D:Idealism
A:“a gift of a salt spring” B:“the great healer” C:“liquid gold” D:“symbol of peace”
A:London B:Paris C:Athens D:New York
A:courtyards B:gateway C:temples D:town council
A:Fishing B:Shipping C:Farming D:Feeding
AI参考:正确答案是C: Farming。农耕是古希腊最古老的职业形式，也是希腊经济活动的重要部分。因此，选项C“农耕”是正确答案。选项A“捕鱼”、B“航运”和D“喂养”都不是希腊职业的主要形式。'
A:recycle B:retell C:rename D:replace
AI参考:正确答案是B：retell。题干中提到用神话来复述历史事件，A项recycle意为“再循环，再利用”，C项rename意为“改称，改名为”，D项replace意为“代替”，这三个词均与题意不符，而B项retell意为“复述”符合题意，故选B。'
A:Palace of Knossos B:Cyclopean Masonry C:Temple of Parthenon D:Treasury of Atreus
A:backwardness B:strengths C:disadvantages D:weaknesses
A:Mycenaean B:Aegean C:Minoan D:Dorians
AI参考:正确答案是B:Aegean。根据问题中给出的语境和选项，这个管道或隧道系统是为了从城堡外的自然泉水中引入水，供给城堡内的水井，选项中只有B项为“爱琴”文明的表述，所以正确答案为B。'
A:13 B:30 C:12 D:11
A:cultural diversity B:multi-polarity C:separation D:economic globalization
A:unbaked brick B:limestone C:sand D:wood
A:he left every future scientist and philosopher in his debt through his contributions to the scientific method. B:he pioneered the study of zoology. C:he contributed to almost every field of human knowledge then in existence. D:he was the founder of formal logic.
AI参考:正确选项为：C:he contributed to almost every field of human knowledge then in existence.亚里士多德的成就包括：他对当时存在的几乎每一个领域的知识都做出了贡献。因此，他对于未来的科学家和哲学家们也做出了巨大的贡献，并成为了一名重要的哲学家。其他选项中的内容在题目中并未提及。'
A:Antikythera mechanism B:the lever C:the fulcrum D:the pulley
AI参考:正确选项为B、C、D在几何学中，阿基米德阐明了诸如杠杆、支点和滑轮等基本设备的使用原理，这些设备至今仍被使用。选项A提到的Antikythera mechanism是一个古希腊的计算机模型，与题目中的基本设备不符。因此，选项B、C、D是正确答案。'
A:marble and bronze B:wood C:gold and ivory D:limestone
AI参考:正确选项是【A:marble and bronze】。古希腊人在雕塑中使用了很多不同类型的材料，其中包括大理石和青铜。而选项B的wood（木材）、选项C的gold（黄金）和ivory（象牙）在古希腊雕塑中使用的并不多，选项D的limestone（石灰石）虽然也是雕塑常用的材料之一，但并不是最主要或最常见的选择。因此，选项A是正确答案。'
A:western philosophy B:poetry C:tragedy D:comedy
A:merchant shipping B:banking C:tourism D:telecommunication
A:the islands of Santorini B:the peninsula of Chalkidice C:the New Acropolis Museum D:the capital city Athens
A:Babylonian B:Italian C:Chinese D:Egyptian
AI参考:正确选项为：A:Babylonian。希腊天文学的发展是基于巴比伦的天文学系统，因此答案为A，即巴比伦天文学家。其他选项B、C、D中的意大利、中国和埃及在古代都不是主要的天文学发展地，因此不是正确答案。'
A:metaphysics B:logic C:political philosophy D:ethics
A:错 B:对
A:错 B:对
AI参考:B:对。希腊的国家颜色是蓝色和黑色。'
A:错 B:对
A:错 B:对
AI参考:B. 对。根据题干中给出的描述，Ionic Order是在希腊大陆发展并传播到意大利的一种建筑风格，其最容易识别的特征是它的主要建筑元素——一个圆形垫子，该垫子被放置在一根柱子的顶部，而横梁则支撑在上面。因此，答案为B，即Ionic Order是正确的。'
A:错 B:对
A:对 B:错
AI参考:正确答案是【对】。这句话的意思是：在亚里士多德之前，并且作为古希腊伟大三人组中的第二位，柏拉图成功地继承了苏格拉底。因此，答案是A，即“对”。'
A:对 B:错
A:对 B:错
AI参考:答案是A，对。根据题干中的描述，Minoan architecture的特点是圆形结构和锥形圆顶，同时使用平铺的悬臂式楼层。因此，该判断题的正确答案是A，即Minoan architecture的特点确实符合题目描述。'
A:对 B:错
AI参考:答案：B。根据题干描述，Linear A 直到今天还未被完全解码，所以答案为“错”。'
A:对 B:错
AI参考:答案是B：错。根据问题中的信息，提到了三个希腊哲学家：Socrates，Plato和Aristotle。但是问题中说他们是“所有时代”最伟大的希腊哲学家，而实际上，除了这三位之外，还有其他的希腊哲学家也对哲学做出了重要贡献。因此，答案为“错”。'
A:错 B:对
AI参考:正确答案是B：对。题目中提到“Politics”来源于古希腊的一个词，这个词指的是希腊城邦，因此可以判断答案为B，即“对”。'
A:对 B:错
A:错 B:对
A:对 B:错
A:错 B:对
AI参考:答案：B:对根据题干中的描述，伯罗奔尼撒半岛的人们讲相似语言并崇拜许多相同的神，这表明他们之间的文化相似性很高，因此可以判断该选项是正确的。选项A“错”与此相反，因此不符合题意。'
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