- The key factor in the formation of geographical heterogeneity with different longitudes is the atmospheric pressure zone. （ ）
- In terms of the three indicators of area, connectivity and dominance, dominance is the optimal indicator for judging the matrix. （ ）
- The landscape patch network is a physical space system formed by corridors connecting patches. （ ）
- Altitude changes will not lead to corresponding changes in ecological factors. （ ）
- The ecosystem service theory believes that the ecosystem services provided by forests and wetlands in terrestrial ecosystems are of greater value. （ ）
- The key to landscape ecological restoration on the Loess Plateau is to effectively control the process of soil erosion. （ ）
- The landscape ecological network corridor system is composed of natural corridors. （ ）
- Ecosystem services specifically refer to the benefits provided by natural ecological space for human beings. （ ）
- The fragmentation results in an increase of patch's area. （ ）
- The demand for ecosystem services is related to population size but not related to cultural background. （ ）
- Passive diffusion in the ecological intersection zone refers to flow diffusion driven by ecological processes. （ ）
- Landscape space C-3P framework only serves as a framework for cognition and analysis of landscape space. （ ）
- The supply of ecosystem services has nothing to do with the type of ecological space. （ ）
- The composition of landscape space is the main factor determining the characteristics of landscape context. （ ）
- The key factor in the formation of differences in geographical environments at different latitudes is heat. （ ）
- Landscape ecology is formed by combining the ( )methods of ecology and ( ) method of geography.（ ）
- The scale effect includes （ ）.
- The important parameters to measure corridor are （ ）.
- The differences between the first edition and the second edition of suitability evaluation are （ ）.
- Gestalt perception theory mainly realizes morphological perception through identification of （ ）
- The metrics of the scale mainly include （ ）.
- The following options belonging to the intersected space are （ ）.
- The core of landscape ecology is （ ）
- The characteristics of patches include （ ）
- The ecological relationship can be reflected as （ ）.
- Land as an asset includes all substances （ ）
- The ecological restoration of the Loess Plateau main response （ ） process of
- Landscape is the （ ） of ecosystem.
- The pond system is an important （ ） system
- Ecosystem services include （ ）.
- Landscape processes are （ ） influenced by the role of landscape structure.
- Changes in altitude can lead to changes in（ ）the most essential ecological factors.
- The landscape as a visual aesthetic object reflects the（ ） of individuals and social groups in a particular period
- The C-3P system of landscape spatial representation includes landscape composition, （ ）, landscape process and landscape perception.
- From a geographical point of view, the landscape is （ ） specific to the surface of the earth.
- Landscape network is a solid spatial system formed by （ ） connecting patches.
- In landscape conservation, the protection of landscape patches relies on the priority protection of landscape （ ）.
- In small-scale environment, （ ） tends to be decisive.
- The three attributes of landscape include （ ）, social attributes and artistic attributes.
- Ecosystem services theory argues that the greatest value of ecosystem services is provided in the（ ）.
- Eco-interlaced zones are prone to natural and human disturbances that exceed system thresholds and cause system disturbances, so is quite （ ）.
- Landscape ecology considers （ ） as the most important objective property of landscape ecological space.
- The indicators that characterize the degree of connectivity of the landscape pattern is（ ）.
- Landscape networks can be divided into structural networks and （ ） networks.
- Eco-interlaced zones have lower disturbance resistance and longer recovery period, so is quite （ ）.
- The landscape ecological network corridor system is mainly composed of inter-source connections and （ ）.
- In the landscape architecture space system, the most common scale structure is （ ）.
- A corridor that is too narrow exposes passing animals to predators, a phenomenon known as （ ）.
- The analysis process that transfers the large-scale information of the landscape to the small and medium scales is called （ ）.
- The landscape interface space is composed of multiple （ ） spaces.
- Landscape networking can protect species and ecosystems （ ）.
- Landscape ecological patches have ecological effects as habitats, （ ）, and sources and sinks .
- When the corridor is relatively wide, the corresponding differentiation can be formed in the interior to provide （ ） for animals and plants.
- In general, small-scale processes are local and exhibit （ ） characteristics.
- The typical features of Eco-interlaced zones are the prominent （ ） features.
- Three common landscape networks in cities include road network, water system network and （ ）.
- Landscape ecology is concerned with spatial （ ）phenomena and processes at different scales.
- The morphology of plaques usually includes circular, （ ）, annular and peninsular.
- The spatial relationship between landscape spaces at different scales is a （ ） structure.
- The most critical structural and functional features of the corridor are （ ）.
- The boundaries of most patches in nature space are （ ）.
- Landscape ecology considers all landscape ecological spaces to exist as a whole in the form of（ ）.
- The landscape of a traditional landscape archiecture is a visually perceivable （ ）space.
- The indicators that characterize the degree of patchiness of the landscape pattern is （ ）.
- Species growing within the margins include both those inside the patch and （ ） .
- Ecological processes are biological flows within an ecosystem consisting of material cycles, energy transformations and （ ）.
- （ ）is the main characteristic of the landscape pattern.
- Landscape fragmentation generally made populations more isolated and formed into many （ ）.
- Landscape processes create landscape patterns, while landscape pattern formation（ ） andscape processes.
- A landscape pattern that combines concentration and （ ）is one of the most common spatial patterns.
- （ ） are motivation for suitability assessment of Staten Island.
- The effective tool to achieve economic benefits with the least damage to ecosystem is（ ）
- The ecological space characteristics of high-density cities is （ ）.
- The ecological structure of Xinhuacun can be concluded as（ ）
- The ecological risk assessment used in river corridor of Ningguo City focuses on the problems of （ ）
- A ecological network is composed of（ ）
- What does suitability evaluation reflect in man-land relationship . （ ）
- Development guidance for ecological planning demands to balance the（ ）value of landscape.
- （ ） are the biggest challenges of suitability analysis.
- Ecological source can be identified using （ ）
- The rhetorical of landscape pattern language includes （ ）
- The spatial relations between different basic space unit include（ ）
- The main components of the landscape context are the local geographical environment and the（ ）
- The spatial relations between different aggregated space include（ ）
- The planning using pattern language shows a （ ） landscape without clearly function zones.
- Total landscape can be divided into several units according to （ ）
- Landscapepattern language is a landscape express approach based on the （ ）.（ ）
- A designer must（ ）the logic of human and nature ecosystem before planning.
- Landscape space sample with effective performance can be used as（ ）of pattern language
- Holistic space unit is composed of several （ ）units.
- The relationship between nested process and spatial organization between scale is the （ ）of pattern language.
- The （ ）of the landscape shapes and determines the meaning of landscape elements
- （ ）is the method of determination of landscape space unit.
- （ ）is the style, model or expression of landscape space.
- The holistic pattern of landscape is the vocabulary of （ ）
- hybrid land use patterns can be characterized as spatial units formed by combinations like （ ）.
- What are the applications of applied research on ecosystem service flows?（ ）
- Which of the following hybrid land use model categories have maximum cooling function . （ ）
- Obtain the information of （ ） can describe the spatial flow allocation process from the SBAs to one or more specific SPAs.
- Which following metrics can be used to cluster hybrid land use patterns.（ ）
- Landscape process creates landscape pattern, while the formation of landscape pattern also （ ） landscape process.
- Which of the following spaces are areas that rely on spatial flow to deliver and provide benefits. （ ）.
- Ecosystem service theory believes that （ ） provide greater ecosystem services value in terrestrial ecosystems.
- Ecosystem service demand depends on population size, population structure, population（ ） and population location.
- Ecosystem service theory holds that （ ） provide almost none ecosystem service.
- Ecosystem services refer specifically to the （ ） that natural ecological space provides to humans.
- The （ ） characteristics of network nodes and corridors can be determined according to the value of ecosystem services.
- The following （ ） indicators have important implications for the process by which spatial flows deliver ecosystem services.
- The following indicators that can be used to measure flood regulation in regional ecosystem services are （ ）.
- Ecosystem service provision depends on ecological space type, size and （ ）.
- Landscape pattern can be measured and characterized by a series of indices, （ ） are landscape pattern indexes .
- Landscape ecology focuses on the systematic relationship between landscape pattern and （ ）.
- Landscape ecosystem service theory provides （ ） basis for ecological network construction.
- Landscape ecological space C-3P framework mainly includes （ ）.
- The goal of networking is to pursue high connectivity and （ ）.
- Landscape networks can be divided into （ ） networks.
- The ecological risk of fragmentation is mainly （ ）.
- Landscape pattern theory believes that （ ） is a land complex formed by the coupling of patches, corridors and substrates.
- The main indicators of landscape network measurement are （ ）.
- Landscape fragmentation can be measured from the （ ） aspect.
- Landscape processes mainly include natural ecological processes, environmental evolution and （ ）.
- The length, width and （ ） of the corridor are the three basic indicators for measuring the corridor.
- The scale of ecological processes can often be included （ ）.
- Landscape pattern theory believes that （ ） is the result of the adaptation of the landscape to the ecological process of the landscape and the action of the landscape environment.
- Patchy landscapes are caused by natural disturbances, ( ) and ().（ ）
- Landscape context consists of local geographical environment and （ ）.
- Landscape ecology believes that landscape ecological space exists in the form of ( ) as a whole.（ ）
- Mountain environment, arid area environment and cold area environment are the expressions of landscape （ ） characteristics.
- The spatial relationship between landscape spatial scales is an ( ) and ( ) structure.（ ）
- The most representative local context in the American Midwest is （ ）.
- Landscape spatial composition is the main factor that determines ( ) and ( ) character.（ ）
- The most representative local context of Holland is （ ）.
- Landscape ecology believes that there is a secure network pattern for focal species, which is called （ ）.
- The most typical local context in Britain is （ ） which is regarded as the representative of ecology and culture.
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