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Medical Microbiology医学微生物学
- ASO test for Streptococcus and Widal's reaction for pathogenic Salmonella belong to ( ) and ( ) methods respectivey? ( )
- What is the metabolism type of the pathogen of human?( )
- There are over 100 O antigen serotypes of Vibrio cholera, only ( ) cause cholera.
- The bacteria cell wall is thinnest in ( ) phase?
- H. pylori cells are slender, curved rods with ( )
- Vibrio cholera grows well under pH value from( ).
Shigella species are closely related to ( ). In some housekeeping gene phylogenetic analysis, they share the same branch and confuse together.
Which one can cause food poisoning?()
- Which pathogen is a sexually transmitted pathogen?( )
- Which cell contains the cell wall?( )
- H. pylori is the most common cause of ( ).
The gut microbiome can ( )
- S. aureus can cause kinds of diseases, which includes ( )
The ( ) is a group of S. aureus. They 70–80% of all strains produce penicillinase, they resistant penicillins, such as methicillin, treatment.
Which one is anaerobes?( )
- All of the shigellae produce shigatoxin, which inhibits protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells.
( ) - Most β-lactam antibiotics kill bacteria by binding penicillin-binding proteins to inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis.( )
- The main reservoir of human strains of U. urealyticum is the genital tract of sexually active men and women.( )
- Exotoxin is mainly produced by Gram-positive bacteria, and its main component is protein. ( )
- The objective of pathogenic identification is only direct recognition of pathogen-specific nucleotide sequences.( )
- EBV, or HHV-4, is the etiologic agent of infectious mononucleosis and African Burkitt’s lymphoma.( )
- The spore is in response to nutrient limitation or a related sign that tough times are coming.( )
- Antagonistic bacterial interactions mean normal flora can prevent the colonization of foreign bacteria.( )
- The innate immune system provides the second line of immunological defense against infection.( )
- Chronic hepatitis may lead to cirrhosis, liver failure, or hepatocellular carcinoma.( )
- The strains of Enterobacteriaceae contains complex antigenic structure.( )
- . Most viruses are bullet-shaped and brick-shaped, only a small number of spherical or nearly spherical.( )
- There is no commercial vaccine for S. aureus.( )
- The microbes function as an extra organ in your body and play a huge role in your health.( )
- All fungi are eukaryotic organisms, and each fungal cell has one nucleus and nuclear membrane.( )
Typical cholera has a rapid onset, beginning with abdominal fullness and discomfort, rushes of peristalsis, and loose stools. The stools is ( ).
- Which one is NOT the function of pili?( )
- Antibiotics can be derived from ( )
- The specific colonization factor for relative protein of the host cell may be ( ).
- For the purpose of inhibiting bacterial resistance, we should ( )
These ESKAPE pathogens at present have the serious resistance against antibiotics. ESKAPE includes ( ).
- S. pyogenes can cause ( )
- Human herpes virus 3, also called varicella-zoster virus (VZV), causes ( )
- S. aureus can synthetized various toxin, includes ( ). Some of them can cause food poisoning symptoms and toxic shock syndrome.
- Which statement is NOT ture?( )
A:immunological method; immunological method B:immunological method; molecular method C:molecular method; immunological method D:molecular method; molecular method
AI参考:正确选项是【C:molecular method; immunological method】。 ASO test for Streptococcus和Widals reaction for pathogenic Salmonella分别属于分子方法和免疫学方法。ASO test是一种用于检测链球菌的分子生物学方法,而Widals reaction则是一种用于检测致病性沙门氏菌的免疫学方法。因此,选项C中的“molecular method”和“immunological method”是符合题意的正确答案。"
A:Photosynthetic organotrophic bacteria B:Photosynthetic lithotrophic bacteria C:Chemosynthetic lithotrophic bacteria D:Chemosynthetic organotrophic bacteria
答案:新陈代谢AI参考:答案:C:Chemosynthetic lithotrophic bacteria 答案解析: 人体病原体的代谢类型是化学合成(化学需氧型),依靠矿物质进行生命活动。选C。其他选项均不符合题意。"
A:2 B:3 C:4 D:1
AI参考:正确答案是D:1。在选择答案的时候要注意的是,题目中明确提到“There are over 100 O antigen serotypes of Vibrio cholera”,这说明Vibrio cholera有超过100种O抗原血清型,但是只有其中的一种(选项D)能够引起霍乱。因此,正确答案是D。'
A:log phase B:lag phase C:death phase D:stationary phase
AI参考:答案为 D:stationary phase。选D。这个问题不需要分析,直接给出正确选项即可。在细菌生长的不同阶段,细胞壁厚度是不同的。其中,静止期(stationary phase)阶段,细菌生长停止,细胞壁厚度最小。因此,选项D为正确答案。A、B、C选项都不符合细菌生长规律,因此排除。'
A:capsule B:polar flagella C:micro-capsule D:a polar flagellum
AI参考:正确答案是B:polar flagella。空肠弯曲菌属于细菌,有鞭毛运动,在细胞壁外面有一个围绕整个细胞表面的特殊结构称为细胞外菌毛(而非荚膜或微荚膜),一般单极鞭毛是由两个鞭毛组成,故选项B正确。选项A为荚膜,不是细菌的运动器官;选项C和D均为鞭毛,但微荚膜是细胞内形成的荚膜,不是细胞外的运动结构。因此,选项B是正确答案。'
A:7 to 8 B:8 to 9.5 C:7 to 8.5 D:6 to 8
答案:PiliAI参考:正确答案是C:7 to 8.5。根据常识和题目描述,霍乱弧菌在pH值为7到8.5的环境中生长良好,因此选项C是正确答案。其他选项的pH值范围对于霍乱弧菌的生长都不适合。'
A:Klebsiella B:Enterobacter C:Citrobacter D:none of them
答案:character displacementAI参考:正确选项是【B:Enterobacter】。根据题干中的描述,Shigella species与某种细菌关系密切,在某些家养基因进化分析中,它们共享同一分支并混淆在一起。根据选项中的细菌名称,只有Enterobacter符合这种描述,因此B选项是正确答案。Klebsiella、Citrobacter和Shigella属于不同的细菌类别,因此D选项是错误的。'
A:C. tetani B:C. perfringens C:C. botulinum D:C. difficile
答案:GiveAI参考:正确答案是C. botulinum。Botulinum毒素是一种能够导致食物中毒的毒素,它是一种神经毒素,能够导致人体肌肉松弛和呼吸衰竭,因此是引起食物中毒的主要原因之一。其他选项中,C. tetani是破伤风梭菌,不会引起食物中毒;C. perfringens是产气荚膜梭菌,可能导致胃肠炎;C. difficile是艰难梭菌,可能导致腹泻。因此,选项C. botulinum是唯一能够引起食物中毒的选项。'
A:Neisseria gonorrhoeae B:Streptococcus pneumoniae C:Streptococcus pyogenes D:Neisseria meningitides
答案:2019-nCovAI参考:选项A:Neisseria gonorrhoeae是一种性传播病原体。Neisseria gonorrhoeae是一种淋病奈瑟菌,是一种常见的性传播病原体,主要通过性接触传播。而选项B、C、D中的细菌虽然也可能通过其他方式传播,但并非主要通过性接触传播。因此,正确答案是A。'
A:L-form bacteria B:chlamydia C:rickettsias D:mycoplasmas
A:gastritis B:gastric ulcer C:all of the above D:duodenal ulcer
AI参考:正确选项是【C:all of the above 】。H. pylori是胃溃疡和十二指肠溃疡最常见的原因,因此以上选项都是正确的。其中,选项A、B、D分别是胃炎、胃溃疡和十二指肠溃疡的描述,与H. pylori作为病因相符。因此,正确答案是C,即“以上都是”。'
A:digesting food: B:helping prevent the risk of cancer C:helping prevent heart disease D:helping control your immune system
A:invasive infections B:mixed forms. C:immune diseases D:toxicoses
AI参考:正确答案是D:toxicoses。金黄色葡萄球菌可以引起多种疾病,包括毒素性疾病(toxicoses)。选项A、B、C都不符合题意。因此,答案为D。'
A:PRSA B:PMRS C:MRSA D:MPRS
AI参考:正确答案是C:MRSA。MRSA(耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌)是一组金黄色葡萄球菌,它们70-80%的菌株会产生青霉素酶,对青霉素类抗生素产生抗性,如甲氧西林、苯唑西林等,因此需要采取其他抗生素治疗。其他选项PRSA、PMRS、MPRS与问题描述不符。因此,答案为C。'
A:C. tetani B:V. parahaemolyticus C:E. coli D:S. aureus
AI参考:单选题答案是A,这是根据选项的含义判断出来的:C. tetani是一种厌氧菌,B选项:parahaemolyticus是一种需氧菌,C选项:E. coli是兼性厌氧菌,D选项:S. aureus是一种需氧菌,只有A选项的厌氧菌最符合题目中的" anaerobes"。希望以上答案对你有帮助。'
A:对 B:错
A:对 B:错
A:错 B:对
A:错 B:对
AI参考:正确答案是B:对。Exotoxin是一种由革兰氏阳性细菌主要产生的物质,其主要成分是蛋白质。因此,该判断题是正确的。'
A:错 B:对
A:错 B:对
AI参考:正确答案是B:对。EBV(EB病毒)和HHV-4(人类疱疹病毒4型)是传染性单核细胞增多症和非洲Burkitt淋巴瘤的病原体。因此,该题判断为正确选项B,即EBV,或HHV-4,是传染性单核细胞增多症和非洲Burkitt淋巴瘤的病因。'
A:错 B:对
AI参考:答案:B:对。根据题干中的描述,孢子是在应对养分限制或相关的迹象,表明艰难的时期即将到来,因此选项B“对”是正确的。选项A“错”与此描述不符。'
A:错 B:对
AI参考:B对。根据题目中的描述,正常菌群能够防止外来细菌的定植,这意味着正常的微生物之间的拮抗关系可以帮助维护人体内部的菌群平衡。因此,选项B“对”是正确的答案。'
A:对 B:错
A:错 B:对
A:错 B:对
AI参考:答案是B:对。根据问题描述,Enterobacteriaceae菌属具有复杂的抗原结构,因此选项B“对”是正确的。'
A:对 B:错
AI参考:答案是B:错。大多数病毒是子弹状或砖状的,只有一小部分是球形或近乎球形的。这是病毒的基本形态之一,但并非所有病毒都是这种形状。因此,这个陈述是不准确的。'
A:对 B:错
AI参考:答案是B:错。S. aureus是一种常见的细菌,因此存在针对这种细菌的商业疫苗。所以该题是错误的。'
A:对 B:错
AI参考:答案是A。这个说法是正确的。微生物在人体内起着重要的作用,它们可以被视为人体的一个额外的器官,并且在身体健康方面扮演着重要的角色。因此,这个判断题是正确的。'
A:错 B:对
AI参考:答案:B:对。真菌是一类真核生物,每个真菌细胞都具有一个细胞核和一个核膜。因此,所有真菌都是真核生物,每个真菌细胞都具有一个细胞核和一个核膜。所以这个说法是正确的,答案为B。'
A:watery and voluminous B:contain mucus flecks C:contain red blood cells D:contain white blood cells
AI参考:正确选项是A:watery and voluminous根据题干描述,典型霍乱疾病的典型症状开始时会感到腹部胀满不适、肠蠕动加快和稀便。而选项中A选项watery and voluminous(水样和大量)符合题干描述。其他选项B包含黏液斑点、C包含红细胞和D包含白细胞均与题干描述不符。因此,A是正确答案。'
A:exchange the DNA B:colonization C:Toxin D:movement
A:natural environment B:fungi C:bacteria D:plant
A:protein on cell wall B:protein on outer membrane C:flagella D:pili
A:accelerate the development of new antibiotic agents B:strengthen surveillance of bacterial resistance C:update the stringent control on other usage of antibiotics D:update strategy on scientific prescriptions of antibiotics
A:Klebsiella pneumonia B: Pseudomonas aeruginosa C:Enterococcus faecium D:Staphylococcus aureus
AI参考:正确答案是 B Pseudomonas aeruginosa C:Enterococcus faecium D:Staphylococcus aureus 。选项中的病原菌Eskape主要指:耐甲氧西林的金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、大肠埃希菌(Enteroccocusfaecium)、肺炎克雷伯菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae)、耐多药鲍曼不动杆菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)和铜绿假单胞菌(Aerobacter)这些常见且严重的耐药性病原菌。所以B、C、D三项都属于Eskape所包括的病原体,故为本题正确选项。需要注意的是,虽然这些病原体在目前的抗生素治疗中具有严重的耐药性,但仍然有相应的抗生素可以用于治疗。同时,我们也应该积极采取措施,减少抗生素的滥用,以降低这些病原体的耐药性。'
A:Streptococcal pyoderma (invasive disease) B:Bacteremia (invasive disease) C:cute glomerulonephritis(immune diseases) D:scarlet fever (toxicoses)
AI参考:正确选项是【B:Bacteremia (invasive disease)】。链球菌(S. pyogenes)可以引起侵袭性疾病,包括菌血症(B选项)和蜂窝织炎等。选项A是链球菌引起的皮肤感染,选项C是免疫性疾病,选项D是猩红热,都不是链球菌引起的侵袭性疾病。因此,B选项是正确答案。'
A:manifest herpes genitalis B:chickenpox C:shingles D:oral mucosa infection
A:leucocidin B:enterotoxins C:alpha-toxin D:toxic shock syndrome toxin-1
AI参考:选项 B:enterotoxins 是正确答案。大肠杆菌O157:H7能够产生多种毒素,其中包括B群肠毒素、霍乱毒素和VTEC的毒性痉挛毒素。在四个选项中,leucocidin 是葡萄球菌产生的毒素,alpha-toxin 是肉毒梭菌产生的毒素,toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 是金黄色葡萄球菌产生的毒素。只有enterotoxins(肠毒素)是大肠杆菌O157:H7产生的主要毒素之一,可以引起食物中毒症状和毒性休克综合症。因此,选项B是正确答案。'
A:the bacterial population of one’s body is much larger than his body cells B:bacterial infection means bacteria invade bodily tissues to proliferate C:a community of bacteria in a region is called microflora D:the opportunistic pathogens in the microflora tend to hurt bodily tissues in compromised hosts