第五章 Costs:When firms produce goods, they incur costs that vary depending on how much they are producing. In this chapter, we will analyze firms' cost functions.5.1Short Run cost:To minimize its cost in the short run, a firm adjust its variable factors (such as labor), but it cannot adjust its fixed factors (such as capital).
5.2Long Run Cost:In the long run, a firm adjusts all its inputs because usually all inputs are variable.
5.3Decisions of the Firm:This chapter introduces how to analyze firms' decisions mathematically using a production function and calculate their optimal level of production, costs, and profits.
5.4PPF and Opportunity cost:When considering the cost of a proposed action, an economist takes account of forgone alternative opportunities. In addition, this chapter uses Production Possibility Frontier to as an application of opportunity cost.
[单选题]Variable costs are

选项:[a production expense that does not vary with output., a production expense that changes with the quantity of output produced., equal to total cost divided by the units of output produced., the amount by which a firm's cost changes if the firm produces one more unit of output.]
[单选题]If average cost is decreasing,

选项:[marginal cost exceeds average cost., marginal cost is less than average cost., marginal cost equals average cost., Not enough information is given.]
[单选题]Which of the following statements is NOT true?

选项:[AVC = wage/MPL, C = F + VC, AFC = AC - AVC, AC = AFC + AVC]
[单选题]Suppose the total cost of producing T-shirts can be represented as TC = 50 + 2q. The marginal cost of the 5th T-shirt is

选项:[10, 2, 12, 60]

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