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高级英语I（上）-华东理工大学期末考试答案题库2024秋

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华东理工大学

In this following excerpt from Roughing It, Mark Twain gives an eyewitness account of the operation of the Pony Express, the West’s first mail system:The little flat mail-pockets strapped under the rider’s thighs would each hold about the bulk of a child’s primer. They held many an important business chapter and newspaper letter, but these were written on paper as airy and thin as gold-leaf, nearly, and thus bulk and weight were economized. The stagecoach traveled about a hundred to a hundred and twenty-five miles a day (twenty-four hours), the pony-rider about two hundred and fifty. There were about eighty pony-riders in the saddle all the time, night and day, stretching in a long, scattering procession from Missouri to California, 40 flying eastward, and 40 toward the west, and among them making 400 gallant horses earn a stirring livelihood and see a deal of scenery every single day in the year.We had a consuming desire, from the beginning, to see a pony-rider, but somehow or other all that passed us and all that met us managed to streak by in the night, and so we heard only a whiz and a hail, and the swift phantom of the desert was gone before we could get our heads out of the windows. But now we were expecting one along every moment, and would see him in broad daylight. Presently the driver exclaims:“HERE HE COMES!”Every neck is stretched further, and every eye strained wider. Away across the endless dead level of the prairie a black speck appears against the sky, and it is plain that it moves. Well, I should think so! In a second or two it becomes a horse and rider, rising and falling, rising and falling, rising and falling — sweeping toward us nearer and nearer — growing more and more distinct, more and more sharply defined — nearer and still nearer, and the flutter of the hoofs comes faintly to the ear — another instant a whoop and a hurrah from our upper deck, a wave of the rider’s hand, but no reply, and a man and a horse burst past our excited faces, and go swinging away like a belated fragment of a storm!Note: In 1861, in the course of a stagecoach ride to Nevada with his brother, Mark Twain had a brief encounter with a rider from the already-legendary Pony Express.

答案:Based on the provided excerpt, here are potential answers to questions or blanks that might follow: 1. What is the Pony Express mentioned in the text? Answer: The West's first mail system. 2. How much mail could each of the flat mail-pockets attached to the rider carry? Answer: About the bulk of a child's primer. 3. Compared to the stagecoach, how much farther did a pony-rider travel in a day? Answer: About 125 to 150 miles more. 4. How many pony-riders were constantly in action, day and night? Answer: About eighty. 5. What was the author's initial experience with trying to see a pony-rider? Answer: They always seemed to pass by at night, leaving only a fleeting impression. 6. What announcement does the driver make? Answer: "HERE HE COMES!" 7. How is the approaching pony-rider initially described in the distance? Answer: As a black speck against the sky. 8. What is the reaction of the people on the stagecoach when the rider approaches? Answer: Every neck is stretched further, and every eye strained wider. 9. What is notable about the rider and horse as they draw near? Answer: They are rising and falling rhythmically, growing more distinct and audible until they swiftly pass by. 10. What historical context is given at the end of the passage? Answer: Mark Twain encountered a Pony Express rider during a stagecoach ride to Nevada with his brother in 1861.

Robert Capa is a name that has for many years been synonymous with war photography.Born in Hungary in 1913 as Friedmann Endre Ernő, Capa was forced to leave his native country after his involvement in anti government protests. Capa had originally wanted to become a writer, but after his arrival in Berlin had first found work as a photographer. He later left Germany and moved to France due to the rise in Nazism. He tried to find work as a freelance journalist and it was here that he changed his name to Robert Capa, mainly because he thought it would sound more American.In 1936, after the breakout of the Spanish Civil war, Capa went to Spain and it was here over the next three years that he built his reputation as a war photographer. It was here too in 1936 that he took one of his most famous pictures, The Death of a Loyalist Soldier. One of Capa’s most famous quotes was “If your pictures aren’t good enough, you're not close enough.” And he took his attitude of getting close to the action to an extreme. His photograph, The Death of a Loyalist Soldier is a prime example of this as Capa captures the very moment the soldier falls. However, many have questioned the authenticity of this photograph, claiming that it was staged.When World war II broke out, Capa was in New York, but he was soon back in Europe covering the war for Life magazine. Some of his most famous work was created on 6th June 1944 when he swam ashore with the first assault on Omaha Beach in the D-Day invasion of Normandy. Capa, armed only with two cameras, took more than one hundred photographs in the first hour of the landing, but a mistake in the darkroom during the drying of the film destroyed all but eight frames. It was the images from these frames however that inspired the visual style of Steven Spielberg's Oscar winning movie Saving Private Ryan. When Life magazine published the photographs, they claimed that they were slightly out of focus, and Capa later used this as the title of his autobiographical account of the war.Capa’s private life was no less dramatic. He was friend to many of Hollywood’s directors, actors and actresses. In 1943 he fell in love with the wife of actor John Austin. His affair with her lasted until the end of the war and became the subject of his war memoirs. He was at one time lover to actress Ingrid Bergman. Their relationship finally ended in 1946 when he refused to settle in Hollywood and went off to Turkey.In 1947 Capa was among a group of photojournalists who founded Magnum Photos. This was a co-operative organisation set up to support photographers and help them to retain ownership of the copyright to their work.Capa went on to document many other wars. He never attempted to glamorise war though, but to record the horror. He once said, “The desire of any war photographer is to be put out of business.”Capa died as he had lived. After promising not to photograph any more wars, he accepted an assignment to go to Indochina to cover the first Indochina war. On May 25th 1954 Capa was accompanying a French regiment when he left his jeep to take some photographs of the advance and stepped on a land mine. He was taken to a nearby hospital, still clutching his camera, but was pronounced dead on arrival. He left behind him a testament to the horrors of war and a standard for photojournalism that few others have been able to reach.Capa’s legacy has lived on though and in 1966 his brother Cornell founded the International Fund for Concerned Photography in his honor. There is also a Robert Capa Gold Medal, which is given to the photographer who publishes the best photographic reporting from abroad with evidence of exceptional courage. But perhaps his greatest legacy of all are the haunting images of the human struggles that he captured.

答案:Robert Capa, born Friedmann Endre Ernő in Hungary in 1913, became a renowned war photographer known for his proximity to conflict zones. Fleeing Hungary after anti-government protests, he initially pursued writing in Berlin but turned to photography. He left Germany for France due to the Nazi regime and adopted the name Robert Capa to sound more American. His fame escalated during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), where he took the iconic yet controversial image "The Death of a Loyalist Soldier." Capa's daring approach is encapsulated in his quote, "If your pictures aren’t good enough, you're not close enough." During World War II, while documenting the D-Day invasion for Life magazine in 1944, Capa captured crucial moments despite most of his film being destroyed, except for eight frames that influenced "Saving Private Ryan." His personal life was intertwined with Hollywood, having relationships with the likes of John Austin's wife and Ingrid Bergman. Capa co-founded Magnum Photos in 1947, supporting photographers' rights to their work. He continued documenting wars, wishing for a day when war photography would be unnecessary. Tragically, while covering the First Indochina War in 1954, he stepped on a landmine and died, leaving a profound impact on photojournalism. His legacy includes the International Fund for Concerned Photography and the Robert Capa Gold Medal, honoring courageous photographers.

“Hiroshima — the ‘Liveliest’ City in Japan” is written according to a chronological order and presents a city fully recovered. （）

答案:错

One immediate legacies of the John Scopes Trial was that the anti-evolution law was abolished right after the trial. (“The Trial That Rocked the World”) （）

答案:错

Most Americans believed that Mart Twain was cynical and pessimistic. (from “Mark Twain—Mirror of America”) （）

答案:错

The model that residents in Westmoreland followed in building their houses is a brick standing upright. (from “The Libido for the Ugly”) （）

答案:对

To achieve his purpose, H. L. Mencken uses hyperbole and sarcasm most frequently in the text. (from “The Libido for the Ugly”)（）

答案:对

According to Mark Twain, those who “stayed at home” were slow, sleepy and sluggish-brained. (from “Mark Twain — Mirror of America”) （）

答案:对

John Scopes knew from the very start that his case would grow into one of the most famous trials in the U.S. history. (“The Trial That Rocked the World”) （）

答案:错

The mayor’s welcoming speech reflects that many residents in Hiroshima hate mentioning the atomic cataclysm. (from “Hiroshima—the Liveliest City in Japan”) （）