1.“One shop announced: DARWIN IS RIGHT - INSIDE. (This was J. R. Darwin's Everything to Wear Store.)” What rhetorical device is used in “DARWIN IS RIGHT - INSIDE”? ( )
A:pun
B:alliteration
C:irony
D:satire
答案:pun
2.“Her smile is like the sun to him.” What rhetorical device is used? ( )
A:Euphemism
B:Allusion
C:Metaphor
D:Simile
答案:Simile
3.“For making money, his pen would prove mightier than his pickax.” What rhetorical device is used in the underlined parts “his pen” and “his pickax”? ( )
A:Metonymy
B:Metaphor
C:Simile
D:Personification
答案:Metonymy
4.“A silver snake slithered across the sand.” What rhetorical device is used in the sentence? ( )
A:Alliteration
B:Personification
C:Paradox
D:Assonance
答案:Alliteration
5.“Dictating his autobiography late in life, he commented with a crushing sense of despair on men’s final release from earthly struggle.” What rhetorical device is used in “men’s final release from earthly struggle”? ( )
A:Metaphor
B:euphemism
C:Simile
D:Personification
答案:euphemism
6.“Resolutely he strode to the stand, carrying a palm fan like a sword to repel his enemies.” What rhetorical device is used in “carrying a palm fan like a sword”? ( )
A:Transferred epithet
B:metaphor
C:Synecdoche
D:simile
答案:simile
7.“Mark Twain gained a keen perception …, of the difference between what people claim to be and what they really are.” What rhetorical device is used in “what people claim to be and what they really are”? ( )
A:Parallelism
B:Antithesis
C:paradox
D:Euphemism
答案:Antithesis
8.“The stone made a plopping sound as it entered the water.” What rhetorical device is used in “plopping”? ( )
A:Synecdoche
B:Transferred epithet
C:Onomatopoeia
D:Metaphor
答案:Onomatopoeia
9.In the lyrics “‘Cause you know I’d walk a thousand miles / If I could /Just see you Tonight”, what rhetorical device is used? ( )
A:Simile
B:Personification
C:Hyperbole
D:Metaphor
答案:Hyperbole
10.When a word’s vocalization imitates a natural sound, as can be heard in the words “buzz”, “beep” and “meow”, we call that device ( ).
A:Anaphora
B:Synecdoche
C:Personification
D:Onomatopoeia
答案:Onomatopoeia
11.If you ( ) someone or something, you hit them many times using your fists.
A:pummel
B:crush
C:pull
D:assault
A:loosening sand with a shovel B:working hard C:pursuing secretly D:poking with a pickax 13.“Mark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing muscles, but he had to leave the city for a while because of some scathing columns he wrote.” The word “columns” means ( ).
A:buttresses B:novels C:articles D:pillars 14.Which of the following people would most likely be described as cynical? ( )
A:a person who enthusiastically follows new trends B:a person who always tries to please his superiors C:a person who thinks all politicians are corrupt D:a person who keeps a regular daily routine 15.How am I supposed to ( ) so much information in only one lecture?
A:define B:dissolve C:encompass D:convert 16.“…We can prop it up with our heads and shoulders!” The phrase “prop up” means ( ).
A:endorse. B:shore up C:facilitate D:underlie 17.Rosa Parks was ( ) when she refused to give up her seat on the bus, even though the law at that time dictated that black people had to stand when whites needed a seat.
A:defiant B:docile C:indulgent D:submissive 18.Take a few minutes and ( ) the question before you jump to a conclusion.
A:ponder B:retort C:abide by D:ignore 19.“The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt.” The word “incessant” means ( ).
A:ceaseless B:unstoppable C:sporadic D:occasional 20.Courage, watchfulness, striving for purity, were all necessary in the incessant combat with the forces of evil. The word “incessant” means ( ).
A:hilarious B:tedious C:fantastic D:endless 21.He was so much taller and thinner than the other one that the two of them together looked rather ( ).
A:unconscious B:inconspicuous C:incongruous D:unambiguous 22.“It was that population that gave to California a name for getting up astounding enterprises and rushing them through with a magnificent dash and daring….” The phrase “gave… a name” means ( ).
A:made … notorious B:won a nickname C:identified by name D:earned a reputation 23.“They stood shocked, trying to absorb the shattering scenes before their eyes.” The word “shattering” means ( ).
A:collapsing B:eroding C:devastating D:damaging 24.“Nor was either of them adept at using maps.” (from “Blackmail”) The word “adept” means ( ).
A:adapt B:add C:good D:adopt 25.“Such ghastly designs, it must be obvious, give a genuine delight to a certain type of mind.” The word “ghastly” is similar in meaning to ( ).
A:adorable B:delightful C:enchanting D:horrible 26.Actually, many children ( ) the turbulent years of puberty with ease, but others do struggle, and while they may not ask for it, they need your guidance.
A:yield to B:figure out C:ride out D:succumb to 27.It was utterly ridiculous to cry about something so ( ).
A:optimistic B:trivial C:sincere D:mysterious 28.If you're ( ), you're furious, in a black cloud of anger.
A:livid B:sardonic C:joyous D:pessimistic 29.“The modernists, …, accepted the theory advanced by Charles Darwin—that all animal life, including monkeys and men, had evolved from a common ancestor.” The word “advanced” means ( ).
A:supplied B:improved C:proposed D:demonstrated 30.A considerable part of Cavendish's work was rescued from oblivion in 1879 and placed in an easily accessible form by Professor Clerk Maxwell. The word “oblivion” means ( ).
A:coma B:fame C:decay D:obscurity 31.“…as they exchanged the ritual formula of gratitude and respect: ‘Tomo aligato gozayimas..’” The word “ritual” means ( ).
A:ceremonial B:earthly C:temporal D:worldly 32.“The Duke of Croydon — three centuries and a half of inbred arrogance behind her — did not yield easily.” The word “inbred” means ( ).
A:inhabited B:inhibited C:innate D:inherited 33.If your neighborhood seems to ( ) cats, that means there are a lot of cats running around.
A:beam with B:be inadequate in C:teem with D:be in want of 34.“It is impossible to put down the wallpaper that defaces the average American home of the lower middle class to mere inadvertence, or to the obscene humor of the manufacturers.” The phrase “put down … to …” means ( ).
A:attribute … to B:tear down… to C:rip off…for D:inscribe… into 35.“… Ogilvie, who had declared he would appear at the Croydons’ suite an hour after his cryptic telephone call…” The word “cryptic” means ( ).
A:strange B:sacred C:hidden D:mysterious 36.Peter sat back for a moment, heart pounding ( ) what he was about to do.
A:in return for B:at the time of C:at the prospect of D:in regard to 37.“Others were using little red telephones that hung on the facades of grocery stores and tobacco shops.” The word “facade” means ( ).
A:front B:window C:appearance D:surface 38.“… boy and man, I had been through it often before. But somehow I had never quite sensed its appalling desolation.” (from “The Libido for the Ugly”) The word “desolation” means ( ).
A:buoyancy B:bleakness C:gaiety D:civility 39.“When the court adjourned, we found Dayton’s streets swarming with strangers.” The phrase “swarm with” means ( ).
A:intruded into by B:forsaken by C:deserted by D:thronged with 40.Emails that purport to be from someone who wants to send you money may have far too many phrases that ( ) you to act immediately such as "Reply ASAP!".
A:implore B:deplore C:dictate D:caution 41.The Duke in “Blackmail” was a hen-pecked husband. (from “Blackmail”) （ ）
A:错 B:对 42.Deontologically, the Duchess was without doubt immoral. (from “Blackmail”) （ ）
A:错 B:对 43.The model that residents in Westmoreland followed in building their houses is a brick standing upright. (from “The Libido for the Ugly”) （ ）
A:对 B:错 44.People in Hiroshima displayed prejudice against those bearing visible scars of atomic burns. (from “Hiroshima—the Liveliest City in Japan”) （ ）
A:对 B:错 45.To achieve his purpose, H. L. Mencken uses hyperbole and sarcasm most frequently in the text. (from “The Libido for the Ugly”)（ ）
A:错 B:对 46.John Scopes knew from the very start that his case would grow into one of the most famous trials in the U.S. history. (“The Trial That Rocked the World”) （ ）
A:对 B:错 47.To Mark Twain, the state of California is noted for its dash, courage, bravery and enthusiasm. (from “Mark Twain—Mirror of America”) （ ）
A:错 B:对 48.The detective didn’t expect the Duchess to offer him much more money than he had asked for. (from “Blackmail”) （ ）
A:错 B:对 49.It was very painful for the family to sort out the wreckage of their house, because it reminded them of the horrible experience in the storm. (from “Face to face with Hurricane Camille”) （ ）
A:错 B:对 50.H. L. Mencken uses the word “libido” to suggest that the love for ugliness is a pathological problem and that his observations have scientific foundation. (from “The Libido for the Ugly”)（ ）
A:错 B:对 51.Menken employed professional terms like “libido”, “pathological sociology”, “leprous hill”, so on and so forth, attempting to add a scientific touch to his writing. (from “The Libido for the Ugly”) （ ）
A:对 B:错 52.The Duchess of Croydon was rather dominating before her husband. (from “Blackmail”) （ ）
A:对 B:错 53.The Duchess was born into a poverty-stricken family. (from “Blackmail”) （ ）
A:错 B:对 54.If there had been real architects they would naturally have built chalets which would lie low. (from “The Libido for the Ugly”) （ ）
A:对 B:错 55.The talk between John and his parents at the end of the story shows that people have gained more than physical damage in the storm. (from “Face to face with Hurricane Camille”) （ ）
A:错 B:对 56.According to Mark Twain, those who “stayed at home” were slow, sleepy and sluggish-brained. (from “Mark Twain — Mirror of America”) （ ）
A:错 B:对 57.The mayor’s welcoming speech reflects that many residents in Hiroshima hate mentioning the atomic cataclysm. (from “Hiroshima—the Liveliest City in Japan”) （ ）
A:对 B:错 58.If Mark Twain had not accepted the job as a reporter offered to him by Territorial Enterprise, literature would most probably have lost that literary giant. (from “Mark Twain — Mirror of America”) （ ）
A:对 B:错 59.One immediate legacies of the John Scopes Trial was that the anti-evolution law was abolished right after the trial. (“The Trial That Rocked the World”) （ ）
A:错 B:对 60.H. L. Mencken’s description of the Westmoreland County is objective. (from “The Libido for the Ugly”)（ ）
A:错 B:对 61.
Robert Capa is a name that has for many years been synonymous with war photography.
Born in Hungary in 1913 as Friedmann Endre Ernő, Capa was forced to leave his native country after his involvement in anti government protests. Capa had originally wanted to become a writer, but after his arrival in Berlin had first found work as a photographer. He later left Germany and moved to France due to the rise in Nazism. He tried to find work as a freelance journalist and it was here that he changed his name to Robert Capa, mainly because he thought it would sound more American.
In 1936, after the breakout of the Spanish Civil war, Capa went to Spain and it was here over the next three years that he built his reputation as a war photographer. It was here too in 1936 that he took one of his most famous pictures, The Death of a Loyalist Soldier. One of Capa’s most famous quotes was “If your pictures aren’t good enough, you're not close enough.” And he took his attitude of getting close to the action to an extreme. His photograph, The Death of a Loyalist Soldier is a prime example of this as Capa captures the very moment the soldier falls. However, many have questioned the authenticity of this photograph, claiming that it was staged.
When World war II broke out, Capa was in New York, but he was soon back in Europe covering the war for Life magazine. Some of his most famous work was created on 6th June 1944 when he swam ashore with the first assault on Omaha Beach in the D-Day invasion of Normandy. Capa, armed only with two cameras, took more than one hundred photographs in the first hour of the landing, but a mistake in the darkroom during the drying of the film destroyed all but eight frames. It was the images from these frames however that inspired the visual style of Steven Spielberg's Oscar winning movie Saving Private Ryan. When Life magazine published the photographs, they claimed that they were slightly out of focus, and Capa later used this as the title of his autobiographical account of the war.
Capa’s private life was no less dramatic. He was friend to many of Hollywood’s directors, actors and actresses. In 1943 he fell in love with the wife of actor John Austin. His affair with her lasted until the end of the war and became the subject of his war memoirs. He was at one time lover to actress Ingrid Bergman. Their relationship finally ended in 1946 when he refused to settle in Hollywood and went off to Turkey.
In 1947 Capa was among a group of photojournalists who founded Magnum Photos. This was a co-operative organisation set up to support photographers and help them to retain ownership of the copyright to their work.
Capa went on to document many other wars. He never attempted to glamorise war though, but to record the horror. He once said, “The desire of any war photographer is to be put out of business.”
Capa died as he had lived. After promising not to photograph any more wars, he accepted an assignment to go to Indochina to cover the first Indochina war. On May 25th 1954 Capa was accompanying a French regiment when he left his jeep to take some photographs of the advance and stepped on a land mine. He was taken to a nearby hospital, still clutching his camera, but was pronounced dead on arrival. He left behind him a testament to the horrors of war and a standard for photojournalism that few others have been able to reach.
Capa’s legacy has lived on though and in 1966 his brother Cornell founded the International Fund for Concerned Photography in his honor. There is also a Robert Capa Gold Medal, which is given to the photographer who publishes the best photographic reporting from abroad with evidence of exceptional courage. But perhaps his greatest legacy of all are the haunting images of the human struggles that he captured.
62.
Science plays a crucial role in identifying problems related to how natural systems function and deteriorate, particularly when they are affected by an external factor. In turn, scientific findings shape the policies introduced to protect such systems where necessary. Experts are frequently called upon by politicians to provide evidence which can be used to make scientifically sound, or at least scientifically justifiable policy decisions.
Issues arise as there are frequent disagreements between experts over the way data is gathered and interpreted. An example of the former is the first scientific evidence of a hole in the ozone layer by the British Antarctic Survey. The findings were at first greeted by the scientific community with scepticism, as the British Antarctic Survey was not yet an established scientific community. Moreover, it was generally believed that satellites would have picked up such ozone losses if they were indeed occurring. It was not until the methodology of NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center was reviewed that it became apparent that data had been overlooked. This was because of the way their computers had been programmed to discard any readings which appeared anomalous.
With regards to the latter, controversy between scientists may arise where data analysis appears to support one policy over another. In 1991, the World Resource Institute (WRI) published estimates of net emissions and sinks of greenhouse gases for a number of countries, including India. The report provoked criticisms among Indian scientists who argued that the figures had failed to take some significant factors into account, leading to overestimated emission values. The WRI was accused of blaming less economically developed countries for global warming; a stance which, if accepted, could impede industrialisation and sustain, even widen, the wealth gap.
Problems regarding the scientific method are well documented and it is widely accepted by the scientific community that, however consistent scientists are in their procedures, the results born under different circumstances can vary markedly. A number of factors influence research, among them the organisation of a laboratory, the influence of prevailing theories, financial constraints and the peer review process. Consequently, scientists tend to believe they are not in a position to bear universal truths but to reveal tendencies.
However, this is countered by two factors. Firstly, certain scientific institutions wish to maintain a degree of status as “bearers of truth”. Further, policy makers uphold this understanding by requesting scientific certainties in order to legitimise their policy decisions. According to a number of authors who have documented this process, decision makers do not necessarily try to obtain all the information which is or could be made available regarding an issue. Rather, they select that information which is necessary to fulfil their goals, information termed as ‘half-knowledge’. Attempts to underplay transboundary issues such as water provision and pollution are cases in point. Politicians clearly cannot pretend that certain data do not exist if they are well-known in scientific communities or national borders, but some discretion is evident, especially where there is controversy and uncertainty.
It is important to note that policies regarding scientific issues are influenced in no small part by societal factors. These include the relative importance of certain environmental issues, the degree of trust in the institutions conducting the research, and not least the social standing of those affected by the issue. In other words, environmental problems are in many ways socially constructed according to the prevailing cultural, economic and political conditions within a society. It has been suggested, for example, that contemporary “post-materialist” Western societies pay greater attention to “quality” – including environmental quality – than “quantity”. This theory does not necessarily assume that people of low-income countries have no interest in environmental protection, as the example of the Chipko movement in India clearly demonstrates, but demonstrates that the way a resource is valued varies widely among different communities.
Finally, it cannot be denied that the ‘issue of the day’ changes constantly. One issue becomes more or less urgent than another, based on current events. Concurrently, new issues enter the political agenda. It has been noted that it often takes a “policy entrepreneur”, someone who dedicates time, energy and financial resources to a certain issue, to raise its profile. Furthermore, whether an issue is taken up by political, environmental or media groups, depends very much on the degree to which it suits their particular agenda, not to mention budget.
63.<p style=";text-align: justify;font-family: 'Times New Roman';font-size: 14px;white-space: normal;text-indent: 29px;line-height: 20px"><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 15px"><span style="font-family:宋体">何某有一栋可以眺望海景的别墅，当他得知有一栋大楼将要建设，从别墅不能再眺望海景时，就将别墅卖给想得到一套可以眺望海景的房屋的张某。何某的行为违背了哪项民法原则（</span> ）</span></p><p><br/></p>
64.<p><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">“你的房子多大？”中的“多”是（ ）</span></p>
65.<p style=";text-align: justify;font-size: 14px;font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;white-space: normal;line-height: 16px"><span style="font-family: 宋体">人民警察使用警械和武器,应当以( )为原则。<br/></span></p>
66.<p style='LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-INDENT: 32px'><span style='LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-SIZE: 16px'><span style='FONT-FAMILY: 宋体'>电磁波的发射由</span></span><span style='TEXT-DECORATION: underline'><span style='LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 16px'> </span></span><span style='LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-SIZE: 16px'><span style='FONT-FAMILY: 宋体'>和</span></span><span style='TEXT-DECORATION: underline'><span style='LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 16px'> </span></span><span style='LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-SIZE: 16px'><span style='FONT-FAMILY: 宋体'>承担，电磁波的接收由</span></span><span style='TEXT-DECORATION: underline'><span style='LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 16px'> </span></span><span style='LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-SIZE: 16px'><span style='FONT-FAMILY: 宋体'>和</span></span><span style='TEXT-DECORATION: underline'><span style='LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 16px'> </span></span><span style='LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-SIZE: 16px'><span style='FONT-FAMILY: 宋体'>来完成</span></span><span style='LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; FONT-SIZE: 16px'>.</span><br/><br/>A.</span><br/>
