⬆️⬆️⬆️本课程2024最新同名章节期末答案⬆️⬆️

新融合大学英语(I)期末答案2023秋

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By the mid-nineteenth century, the term “icebox” had entered the American language, but ice was still only beginning to affect the diet of ordinary citizens in the United States. The ice trade grew with the growth of cities. Ice was used in hotels, taverns, and hospitals, and by some forward-looking city dealers in fresh meat, fresh fish, and butter. After the Civil War (1861-1865), as ice was used to refrigerate freight cars, it also came into household use. Even before 1880, half the ice sold in New York, Philadelphia and Baltimore, and one-third of that sold in Boston and Chicago, went to families for their own uses. This had become possible because a new household convenience, the icebox, a precursor （先驱） of the modern refrigerator, had been invented.

Making an efficient icebox was not as easy as we might now suppose. In the early nineteenth century, the knowledge of the physics of heat, which was essential to a science of refrigeration, was rudimentary. The commonsense notion that the best icebox was one that prevented the ice from melting was of course mistaken, for it was the melting of the ice that performed the cooling. Nevertheless, early efforts to economize ice included wrapping the ice in blankets, which kept the ice from doing its job. Not until near the end of the nineteenth century did inventors achieve the delicate balance of insulation and circulation needed for an efficient icebox.

But as early as 1803, an ingenious Maryland farmer, Thomas Moore, had been on the right track. He owned a farm about twenty miles outside the city of Washington, for which the village of Georgetown was the market center. When he used an icebox of his own design to transport his butter to market, he found that customers would pass up the rapidly melting stuff in the tubs of his competitors to pay a premium （高价的） price for his butter, still fresh and hard in neat, one-pound bricks. One advantage of the icebox, Moore explained, was that farmers would no longer have to travel to market at night in order to keep their produce cool.

答案:AI参考:Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?\n\nThe icebox was invented in the mid-nineteenth century.\n\nA. 正确\nB. 错误\n\n正确答案是A. 正确。\n\n文章中提到，在19世纪中期，“冰箱”这个词汇进入了美国语言，而冰箱的先驱冰箱在发明时间上是在这个时期。因此，选项A“冰箱是在19世纪中期发明的”是正确的。'
2.

Shopping for clothes can be fun and easy in a well-designed online store open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. As you shop, however, you may worry about never getting what paid for, the stealing of your credit card number, or unwittingly sharing you private information---or worse. And then there are dangers that you may never have imagined, such as downloading spyware. Follow the guidelines below to help reduce your risk of being cheated, and make shopping online the good time it can be.

Keep your personal information private.

Of course, online merchants are in the business of selling you clothes, but they may also be in the business of collecting information about you and your browsing and shopping habits---in part to make your shopping experience more convenient, and in part because they want to sell you more. Here are some guidelines for keeping the balance in your favor.

What do online merchants ask for?

Some of the information merchants gather---credit card number, address and telephone number, and so on---is necessary to complete the transaction. Some personal information---what you purchase, shipping address, clothing sizes, for example---may allow the merchant to fit your experience to your preferences when you shop next time. Or, it can save you the work of retyping.

What can you do to help protect yourself?

Make sure you do not give out sensitive information unless it is necessary to complete the transaction, and make sure that the site is responsible about using and sharing the information you do give.

First, review the privacy statement before you shop. A privacy statement tells you how and why a business is collecting your information, and how it plans to use it.

Second, be careful about the personal information you disclose. Before you reveal any information, ask yourself if the web site needs it. Address and credit card number will most likely be required, but only on a secure page. But watch out for giving your social security number, bank account number, or other such information. If a question seems too invasive, skip it. If the merchant then prevents you from shopping, take your business elsewhere.

Finally, check those boxes. When you set up an account or finalize a sale at check out, put on those magnifying eyeglasses, and carefully review any checks in boxes. Some sites assume the right to share your information and check the boxes for you. Responsible web sites will give you a way to choose not to take part.

答案:AI参考:这段文字主要是在讨论如何在网上购物时保护自己的隐私。以下是对这段文字的阅读理解：\n\n正确选项是：\nC. 网上购物时，要保护自己的个人信息，不要轻易泄露敏感信息，如信用卡号、地址和电话号码等。\n\n文中提到了一些网站可能会收集个人信息的做法，并警告人们不要提供敏感信息，除非在交易完成后确实需要。此外，还提到了要仔细检查隐私声明，并仔细审查网站在使用和分享个人信息时的行为。因此，选项C是最符合这段文字主旨的答案。'
3.

Though society is increasingly open-minded, the rates of interracial marriages are still fairly infrequent. However, if you consider that, in a society with a much more conservative (保守的) attitude, there were not interracial marriages before, at least not ones that were supported, then the current rates are higher. There are still problems in addition to societal approval.

There is a need for people to conform (顺应) with society, therefore, preventing socio-emotional support for interracial couples. Many people are afraid of getting involved because of what others will think. People are often much more open to and ready to embrace（接受）the idea when it does not affect their life. “I support the kid down the street marrying for love, no matter what color skin the person they love has.” However, the same person is not necessarily so supportive when his child brings home someone of another race. Without the support of family, relationships feel more stressful.

Different cultural ideas also increase stress in a relationship. People tend to argue more when they agree less. They tend to agree less when their ideas about things are different. People naturally value their ideas more than they value the ideas of others. This causes each person in the relationship to constantly try to convince the other that their ideas are worthy and that they are worthy of love. A relationship with constant disagreement and a consistent effort to convince the other they deserve their love, without a social network for support, is not likely to be a long-term relationship.

Experts suggest that the way to overcome this is to have a new identity. After securing themselves in the relationship, the partners develop new relational identities that are uniquely and mutually (共有的) theirs as an interracial couple. This new identity provides the support that is needed to make a relationship succeed.

答案:AI参考:根据短文内容，下列选项中正确的一项是（）。\nA.短文中提到了不同的文化背景会给情侣带来更大的压力\nB.短文中提到了情侣关系需要更多的支持来维系\nC.短文中提到伴侣之间的社会支持是关系能够长期稳定的关键\nD.短文中没有提到支持情侣关系的途径\n正确答案是：A.短文中提到了不同的文化背景会给情侣带来更大的压力。\n根据第一段“Different cultural ideas also increase stress in a relationship. People tend to argue more when they agree less. They tend to agree less when their ideas about things are different.”可知，不同的文化背景会使情侣关系更加紧张，由此可知，选项A正确。B项表述片面，只提到了支持，而没有提到更多的压力；C项说法错误，文中提到的是“没有社会网络支持的关系”，并不是说社会支持是关系能够长期稳定的关键；D项表述错误，文中提到了“专家建议”，说明是有途径的。\n故答案是：A。'
4.

The case for college has been accepted without question for more than a generation. “All high school graduates ought to go”, says conventional wisdom and statistical-evidence, “because college will help them earn more money, become ‘better’ people, and learn to be more responsible citizens than those who don’t go.”

But college has never been able to work its magic for everyone. And now that close to half our high school graduates are attending, those who don’t fit the pattern are becoming more numerous, and more obvious. College graduates are selling shoes and driving taxis; college students interfere with each other’s experiments and write false letters of recommendation in the intense competition for admission to graduate school. Others find no stimulation in their studies, and drop out often encouraged by college administrators.

Some observers say the fault is with the young people themselves –they are spoiled and they are expecting too much. But that’s a condemnation of the students as a whole, and don’t explain all campus unhappiness. Others blame the state of the world, and they are partly right. We’ve been told that young people have to go to college because our economy can’t absorb an army of untrained eighteen–year–olds. But disappointed graduates are learning that it can no longer absorb an army of trained twenty-two-olds, either.

Some adventuresome educators and campus watchers have openly begun to suggest that college may not be the best, the proper, the only place for every young person after the completion of high school. We may have been looking at all those surveys and statistics upside-down, it seems, and through the rosy glow of our own remembered college experiences. Perhaps college doesn’t make people intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, or quick to learn things, maybe it’s just the other way around, and intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, quick-learning people are merely the ones who have been attracted to college in the first place. And perhaps all those successful college graduates would have been successful whether they had gone to college or not. This is heresy (异端邪说) to those of us who have been brought up to believe that if a little schooling is good, more has to be much better. But contrary evidence is beginning to mount up.

答案:AI参考:A. Who are these graduates who do not fit the pattern?\nB. Who are to blame for college students being unhappy?\nC. Will more graduates succeed or fail after graduating from college?\nD. Can colleges truly meet everyone’s expectations?\n正确答案是：D. Can colleges truly meet everyone’s expectations?\n第二段最后一句话指出大学可能并不能满足每个人的期望，作者暗示是否所有人都能从大学获得期望的回报是值得质疑的，因此选项D正确。其他选项都与文章内容不符。\n因此，答案为D。'
5.

My friend Mike was shaking his head in disbelief. “That young woman who just waited on me,” he said, pointing to an employee of the fast food restaurant where we were eating, “had to call someone over to help her count change. The cash register (现金出纳机) showed her I needed 99 cents, but she couldn't figure out how to count out the coins.” I understood Mike's concern. What we have done in this country, although unintentionally, is to create several generations of individuals most of whom have no idea how to reason; how to do simple math; how to do research; or, finally, how to be creative (有创造力的). The reason for this is our overuse of information technology: video games, television, digital watches, calculators, and computers. Information technology feeds us information without requiring us to think about it and let us perform operations without understanding them.

It is time we took a hard look at an educational system that only teaches our children how to push buttons. Our kids can't tell time if the clock has hands. They can use calculators, but cannot add, subtract, divide, or multiply. Video games have taken the place of active, imaginative play. Although most of them are technically literate, they choose not to read. They are so used to television and movies that they cannot use their imagination to stay interested in a book.

It is not enough to recognize that a problem exists. What we need is a solution. The one I offer is simple to suggest, but may be impossible to carry out. We must unplug our children. If we don't, they will never learn how to solve problems. They will never learn even basic reasoning skills and will certainly not develop creativity. Instead of filling classrooms with electronics, let's concentrate on good old-fashioned literacy ― reading books. Students must be taught not to perform computer operations by rote (死记), but to figure and reason for themselves. They must see how things work and how processes lead to results, they must also stretch their imagination.

答案:AI参考:根据文章内容，以下哪个选项最符合原文的意思？\n\nA. 文章认为教育系统应该更多地关注电子产品的使用，而不是传统阅读。\n\nB. 文章认为教育系统应该更多地关注学生的创造力，而不是死记硬背。\n\nC. 文章认为教育系统应该更多地关注学生的数学能力，而不是电子产品的使用。\n\nD. 文章认为教育系统应该更多地关注学生的思考能力，而不是电子产品的使用。\n\n正确答案是D. 文章认为教育系统应该更多地关注学生的思考能力，而不是电子产品的使用。\n\n文章中提到教育系统只教授孩子如何操作电子产品，而不注重培养他们的思考能力，导致他们缺乏基本的思考能力、简单的数学运算能力、研究能力和创造力。因此，作者建议教育系统应该更多地关注学生的思考能力，而不是过度依赖电子产品。选项A和C都过于片面，选项B与文章内容不符。因此，选项D最符合原文的意思。'
6.

On the night of December 8, 1992, when he was standing in a parking lot talking to friends, Tracy Marsh jumped to the top of a car, as he had done a hundred times before. This time, though, Tracy lost his balance. His head struck the ground, hard.

All night, Cory, Tracy's mother, stood next to her son, who was lying in a hospital bed, his brown eyes fixed in a lifeless stare. She remembered that Tracy had once mentioned organ (器官) donation（捐赠）. Maybe I can spare another family this pain, she thought. When the time came, she and her husband Bill signed the forms permitting his organs to be donated.

Tracy was declared dead the next day. Twenty-four hours later, in a Boston hospital, Tracy's liver（肝脏）was made part of my husband, David, who was suffering from a hopeless liver disease. Months later, we learned from the local organ bank that the donor's parents wished desperately to meet someone who had gained life through the gift from their son. A meeting was arranged by the organ bank to bring together two families linked by the most bittersweet ties imaginable.

The meeting was risky, but worth it. We talked for 3 hours. They showed us a picture of Tracy. We learned for the first time how he had lived and died. We learned something about Bill and Cory too.

For the Marshes, seeing David and knowing he was well seemed to ease their suffering. I'll never forget seeing David's tall figure stooped over Cory, her arms around his waist, as a mother would hug a son. For a long time they held each other tight. It was hard to know if she was saying hello or good-bye. Maybe she was saying both.

答案:AI参考:A. My husband’s surgery had become very dangerous, but he said, “Just trust me. The doctor knows what he is doing.”\nB. It seemed as if their lives had intertwined.\nC. He would need surgery and she knew she had no hope of being cured.\nD. She hoped that her son's organs could save others' lives.\n正确答案是：D. She hoped that her son's organs could save others' lives。\n根据原文“Maybe I can spare another family this pain，she thought.”可知，她希望她的儿子的器官可以拯救其他人的生命，故选D。A项说的是手术很危险，B项说的是他们的生活交织在一起，C项说的是他需要手术，但她知道自己没有治愈的希望，与原文不符。'
7.By the mid-nineteenth century, the term "icebox" had entered the American language, but ice was still only beginning to affect the diet of ordinary citizens in the United States. The ice trade grew with the growth of cities. Ice was used in hotels, taverns, and hospitals, and by some forward-looking city dealers in fresh meat, fresh fish and butter. After the Civil War (1861-1865), as ice was used to refrigerate freight cars, it also came into household use. Even before 1880, half the ice sold in New York, Philadelphia, the Baltimore, and one-third of that sold in Boston and Chicago, went to families for their own use. This had become possible because a new household convenience, the icebox, a precursor of the modem refrigerator, had been invented. As early as 1803, and ingenious Maryland farmer, Thomas Moore, bad been on the fight track. He owned a farm about twenty miles outside the city of Washington, for which the village of Georgetown was the market center. When he used an icebox of his own design to transport his butter to market, he found that customers would pass up the rapidly melting stuff in the tubs of his competitors to pay a premium price for his butter, still fresh and hard in neat, one-pound bricks. One advantage of his icebox, Moore explained, was that farmers would no longer have to travel to market at night in order to keep their produce cool. The author mentions "fish" in paragraphl, sentence 3 because（）

答案:fish dealers were among the early commercial users of ice
8.By the mid-nineteenth century, the term "icebox" had entered the American language, but ice was still only beginning to affect the diet of ordinary citizens in the United States. The ice trade grew with the growth of cities. Ice was used in hotels, taverns, and hospitals, and by some forward-looking city dealers in fresh meat, fresh fish and butter. After the Civil War (1861-1865), as ice was used to refrigerate freight cars, it also came into household use. Even before 1880, half the ice sold in New York, Philadelphia, the Baltimore, and one-third of that sold in Boston and Chicago, went to families for their own use. This had become possible because a new household convenience, the icebox, a precursor of the modem refrigerator, had been invented. As early as 1803, and ingenious Maryland farmer, Thomas Moore, bad been on the fight track. He owned a farm about twenty miles outside the city of Washington, for which the village of Georgetown was the market center. When he used an icebox of his own design to transport his butter to market, he found that customers would pass up the rapidly melting stuff in the tubs of his competitors to pay a premium price for his butter, still fresh and hard in neat, one-pound bricks. One advantage of his icebox, Moore explained, was that farmers would no longer have to travel to market at night in order to keep their produce cool. The author describes Thomas Moore as having been "on the right track" in Paragraph 2, Sentence 1 to indicate that（）

答案:Moore’s design was fairly successful
9. 在高效液相色谱中,色谱柱的长度一般在(   )范围内.                

答案:A 、10~30cm
10. 不用于衡量色谱柱柱效的物理量是(      )                   

答案:D、 组分的保留体积  
11. 在高效液相色谱中,色谱柱的长度一般在(   )范围内.