中国科学技术大学
- A year ago, my boss announced that our large New York ad agency would be moving to an open office. After nine years as a senior writer, I was forced to trade in my private office for a seat at a long, shared table. It felt like my boss had ripped off my clothes and left me standing in my underwear. However, about 70 percent of U.S. offices now have no or low partitions. Silicon Valley has been the leader in bringing down the dividers. Google, Yahoo and American Express are all adherents. Facebook designed the largest open floor plan in the world, housing nearly 3,000 engineers. These new floor plans are ideal for maximizing a company's space while minimizing costs. Bosses love the ability to keep a closer eye on their employees, ensuring movie-watching, constant social media-browsing and unlimited personal cellphone use isn't occupying billing hours. While employees feel like they're part of a relaxed, innovative enterprise, the environment ultimately damages workers' attention spans, creativity and satisfaction. Furthermore, a sense of privacy boosts job performance, while the opposite can cause feelings of helplessness. In addition to the distractions, my colleagues and I have been more vulnerable to illness. Last flu season took down a succession of my CO-workers like dominoes. As the new space intended, I've formed interesting, unexpected bonds with my colleagues. But my personal performance at work has hit an all-time low. Each day, my associates and I are seated at a table staring at each other, having an ongoing 12-person conversation from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Those who have worked in private offices for decades have proven to be the most noisy and tough. They haven't had to consider how their loud habits affect others, so I can only work effectively during times when no one else is around, or if I isolate myself in one of the small, constantly sought-after, glass-windowed meeting rooms. To make the open-office model work, employers have to take measures to improve work efficiency. For one, they should create more private areas-ones without open windows. Also, they should implement rules on when interaction should be limited. And please, let's eliminate the music that blankets our workspaces. Companies could simply join another trend - allowing employees to work from home. That model boosts productivity, with employees working more hours and taking fewer breaks. There are fewer interruptions when employees work remotely. At home, my greatest distraction is the refrigerator.
- Chips, soda and frozen pizzas tend to be full of salt, sugar and fat, but now scientists are trying to understand if there's something else about such processed foods that might be bad for us. The spread of packaged foods has been linked to rising obesity rates. Yet advice to limit processed foods can seem unhelpful, given how convenient they are and the growing array of products that fall into the category.Highly processed foods are made mostly of industrialized ingredients and additives, with little to no intact whole foods. Sodas, packaged cookies and instant noodles are some examples of highly processed foods. But also included are products that can seem wholesome, like breakfast cereals, energy bars and some yogurts.Researchers at the NIH found people ate an average of 500 extra calories a day when fed mostly processed foods, compared with when the same people were fed minimally processed foods, though researchers tried to match the meals for nutrients like fat, fiber and sugar.In another study, researchers in France found people who ate more processed foods were more likely to have heart disease. A similar study in Spain found eating more processed foods was linked to a higher risk of death in general, which was the most shocking.Beyond the fact they taste really good, there might other reasons why it's so hard to stop eating foods like cheese puffs and ice cream.When fed minimally processed foods, people in the clinical trial produced more of a hormone that suppresses appetite, and less of a hormone that causes hunger. The reason for the biological reaction isn't clear. Another finding: People ate processed foods faster. Those foods tend to be softer and easier to chew and swallow. The source of nutrients might make a difference. Fibers from whole fruits and vegetables, for instance, may be better for making people feel full than the types of fiber added to packaged foods such as cookies, yogurt and even soda.Advice to limit processed foods probably makes sense to most people. Minimally processed foods tend to be richer in nutrients and more difficult to overeat, since they're not as widely available and convenient. Still, following that advice can be hard, especially for people with limited time and money to spend on food.Another challenge is the broad spectrum of processed foods that renders it hard to distinguish which ones might be better or worse as companies continually re-engineer products to make them seem more wholesome. While the newest studies may warn us against industrialized foods, they underscore the difficulty of coming.
- n retrospect, it became clear to me that this incident was indeed key — and key in more than one sense. 1 . When our well-intentioned Chinese observers came to Benjamin's rescue, they did not simply push his hand down clumsily or uncertainly, as I might have done. 2 . I came to realize that these Chinese were not just molding and shaping Benjamin's performance in any old manner: In the best Chinese tradition, they were ba zhe shoujiao — "teaching by holding his hand" — so much so that he would happily come back for more. 3 . Watching children at work in a classroom setting, we were astonished by their facility. Children as young as 5 or 6 were painting flowers, fish and animals with the skill and confidence of an adult; calligraphers 9 and 10 years old were producing works that could have been displayed in a museum. 4 . In terms of attitudes to creativity there seems to be a reversal of priorities: young Westerners making their boldest departures first and then gradually mastering the tradition; and young Chinese being almost inseparable from the tradition, but, over time, possibly evolving to a point equally original. 5 . The contrast between our two cultures can also be seen in terms of the fears we both harbor. Chinese teachers are fearful that if skills are not acquired early, they may never be acquired; there is, on the other hand, no comparable hurry to promote creativity. American educators fear that unless creativity has been acquired early, it may never emerge; on the other hand, skills can be picked up later.
- There was a fellow here last year, oddly enough a namesake of mine, who was the best bridge player I ever met. 1 . Lenny Burton he called himself. I believe he’d belonged to some very good clubs.’‘No, I don’t believe I remember the name.’‘He was quite a remarkable player. 2 . It was uncanny. I used to play with him a lot. He was in Kobe for some time.’Burton sipped his gin fizz.‘It’s rather a funny story,’ he said. ‘He wasn’t a bad chap. I liked him. He was always well-dressed and smart-looking. 3 . Women thought a lot of him. There was no harm in him, you know, he was only wild. Of course he drank too much. Those sort of fellows always do. A bit of money used to come on for him once a quarter and he made a bit more by card-playing. He won a good deal of mine, I know that.’Burton gave a kindly chuckle. 4 . He stroked his shaven chin with his thin hand; the veins stood out on it and it was almost transparent.‘I suppose that is why he came to me when he went broke, that and the fact that he was a namesake of mine. 5 . I was rather surprised. He told me that there was no more money coming from home and he wanted to work.
- When reform and opening-up, or gaige kaifang, was launched at the Third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee in December 1978, the UK itself was in the 1 of its so-called Winter of Discontent when the whole country 2 was on strike, including gravediggers, leaving the dead unburied. It was worth 3 , however, that no matter how grim pre-Thatcher Britain seemed, the 4 per capita income of the average Briton was $5,976, nearly 40 times that of the $155 in China.How the 5 has changed in 40 years. If we are still talking of the UK, it has managed to maintain its lead in terms of per capita income. But it is now only four times greater and its 6 economy is much smaller.In this time China has 7 to being the world’s second-largest economy, almost five times bigger than that of the UK, which now vies for fifth place with France. By 2030, according to a recent report by HSBC, China is likely to 8 the US as the world’s largest economy, a position it last held in 1820. In the process some 800 million people have been 9 out of poverty, the biggest number in the shortest time in human history.China’s rise has also transformed the global economy in many ways. At first, it was the “Made in China” 10 which saw China become the manufacturing workshop of the world. This transformed global supply chains, with many major Western companies switching production to China.
- Fiber-optic cables can carry hundreds of telephone conversations ______. （ ）
- After several nuclear disasters, a ________ has raged over the safety of nuclear energy. （ ）
- Ever since the rise of industrialism, education has been ______ towards producing workers. （ ）
- We must look beyond ________ and assumptions and try to discover what is missing. （ ）
- He said that they had ______ been obliged to give up the scheme for lack of support. （ ）
- Their claims to damages have not been convincingly ______. （ ）
- To help students understand how we see, teachers often draw an ______between an eye and a camera. （ ）
- In today’s medical, little agreement exists on the ______for defining mental illness. （ ）
- In spite of the ______economic forecasts, manufacturing output has risen slightly. （ ）
- When the farmers visited the city the first time, they were ______by its complicated traffic system. （ ）
- The Japanese scientists have found that scents ______ efficiency and reduce stress among office workers. （ ）
- Some American colleges are state-supported, others are privately _______ , and still othersare supported by religious organizations. （ ）
- Among all the changes resulting from the ______ entry of women into the work force, the transformation that has occurred in the women themselves is not the least important. （ ）
- No one imagined that the apparently ________ businessman was really a criminal. （ ）
- More than 85 percent of French Canada’s population speaks French as a mother tongue and ____ to the Roman Catholic faith.（ ）
- A 1994 World Bank report concluded that ______girls in school was probably the single most effective anti-poverty policy in the developing world today. （ ）
- Having had her as a professor and adviser, I can tell you that she is an _______ force who pushes her students to excel far beyond their own expectations. （ ）
- Cultural ________ indicates that human beings hand their languages down from one generation to another. （ ）
- What the correspondent sent us is an ________ news report. We can depend on it. （ ）
- The jobs of wildlife technicians and biologists seemed ______to him, but one day he discovered their difference. （ ）
- After four years in the same job his enthusiasm finally ______. （ ）
- All the guests were invited to attend the wedding ________ and had a very good time. （ ）
- He ______ his head, wondering how to solve the problem. （ ）
- In order to prevent stress from being set up in the metal, expansion joints are fitted which ____ the stress by allowing the pipe to expand or contract freely.（ ）
- The lady in this strange tale very obviously suffers from a serious mental illness. Her plotagainst a completely innocent old man is a clear sign of________. （ ）
- The automatic doors in supermarkets ______the entry and exit of customers with shopping carts. （ ）
- The disagreement over trade restrictions could seriously ______ relations between the two countries. （ ）
- Failure in a required subject may result in the ______of a diploma. （ ）
- Weeks ____ before anyone was arrested in connection with the bank robbery.（ ）
- The Prime Minister was followed by five or six _______ when he got off the plane. （ ）
- Each workday, the workers followed the same schedules and rarely ______from this routine. （ ）
- You should ______ to one or more weekly magazines such as time, or Newsweek. （ ）
- The two most important ________ in making a cake are flour and sugar . （ ）
- The elderly Russians find it hard to live on their state ______. （ ）
- The prospect of increased prices has already ______ worries. （ ）
答案:The author's opinion of the open-office model is negative.
答案:processed foods might be bad for us due to their link with rising obesity rates, increased calorie consumption, higher risk of heart disease, and general increased risk of death. Minimally processed foods, on the other hand, promote appetite-suppressing hormones and potentially lead to feeling fuller compared to processed foods. Limiting processed foods is advisable but challenging due to factors like convenience, cost, and availability.
答案:1. Key moment 2. Guiding gently 3. Artistic prowess 4. East-West creativity contrast 5. Educational fears comparison
答案:1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
答案:1. midst 2. seemingly 3. noting 4. average 5. picture 6. overall 7. risen 8. surpass 9. lifted 10. phenomenon
A:contemporarily B:simultaneously C:homogeneously D:spontaneously
答案:simultaneously
A:verdict B:suspicion C:controversy D:quarrel
答案:CONTROVERSY
A:hatched B:geared C:harnessed D:motivated
答案:geared
A:justifications B:specifications C:illusions D:manifestations
答案:illusions
A:forcibly B:regrettably C:gravely D:graciously
A:overwhelmed B:intimidated C:refuted D:depressed
A:axis B:analogy C:image D:imitation
A:measures B:legislation C:requirement D:criteria
A:shadowy B:miserable C:obscure D:gloomy
A:bewildered B:undermined C:evoked D:diverted
A:amplify B:magnify C:foster D:enhance
A:endowed B:ensured C:authorized D:attributed
A:formidable B:massive C:surplus D:quantitative
A:realistic B:respectful C:respectable D:respective
A:adheres B:ascribes C:subscribes D:caters
A:admitting B:enrolling C:assigning D:involving
A:instantaneous B:inspirational C:educational D:excessive
A:transition B:transaction C:transmission D:translation
A:authentic B:evident C:ultimate D:immediate
A:parallel B:vertical C:identical D:specific
A:dissipated B:dispersed C:drained D:deteriorated
A:recreation B:congratulations C:festival D:feast
A:scrapped B:scraped C:scratched D:screwed
A:rectify B:reconcile C:relieve D:reclaim
A:insanity B:inspiration C:disposition D:impulse
A:induce B:furnish C:allocate D:facilitate
A:jeopardize B:intimidate C:manipulate D:tumble
A:betrayal B:burial C:refusal D:denial
A:overlapped B:expired C:terminated D:elapsed
A:attendants B:directors C:servants D:laymen
A:detached B:deviated C:disconnected D:distorted
A:ascribe B:subscribe C:order D:reclaim
A:ingredients B:constituents C:components D:elements
A:earnings B:pensions C:salaries D:donations
A:hoisted B:provoked C:irritated D:inspired
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