- The cricoid cartilage encircles the airway below the vocal cords, defines the narrowest portion of the upper airway in children.（ ）
- Intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG) or plasma infusion is the treatment of choice for patients with poor immunity, malnutrition or severe conditions. （ ）
- In acute otitis media, the tympanic membrane is seen to be bright red and bulging with loss of the normal light reflection.（ ）
- C-reaction protein (CRP)can be elevated in acute bacterial infection, while it is normal in Mycoplasma pneumoniae and viral infection. （ ）
- Sputum eosinophilia suggests asthma, asthmatic bronchitis, or hypersensitivity reactions of the lung。（ ）
- Hypercarbic respiratory failure results from ventilation-perfusion mismatch and shunting. （ ）
- Formoterol is approved for use in children older than 5 years of age for maintenance asthma therapy and for prevention of exercise-induced asthma.（ ）
- The diagnosis of bacterial sinusitis should be considered if acute symptoms worsen over time, or if acute signs of more severe sinus involvement such as fever, facial pain, or facial swelling develop.（ ）
- Atypical pneumonia refers to the pneumonia caused mainly by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae,Legionella pneumophila, virus (such as SARS-like coronavirus, etc.), etc.（ ）
- Obstruction in any part of the airway can produce wheezing.（ ）
- The lumen of an infant's or child's airway is narrow, minor reductions in cross-sectional area as a result of mucosal edema or other inflammatory processes cause an exponential increase in airway resistance and a significant increase in the work of breathing.（ ）
- Routine laboratory studies are helpful for the diagnosis and management of the common cold（ ）
- Arterial blood gas analysis is the gold standard for respiratory failure.（ ）
- Routine bronchoscopy are recommended for the treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.（ ）
- The child with croup develops barking cough, hoarseness, and wheezing.（ ）
- What are the common pathogens of croup?（ ）。
- Which of the following are the pathogens of bacterial tracheitis？（ ）。
- Which of the following conditions meet the characteristics of a qualified sputum specimen?（ ）。
- Which of the following are the complications of a cold？（ ）。
- What are the common complications of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia （MPP）in children?（ ）。
- What are the pulmonary complications of mycoplasma pneumonia?（ ）。
- What are the common etiologic agents of community acquired pneumonia in children over 5 years old?（ ）。
- Which of the following are the indicators of hospitalization in children with croup？（ ）。
- What are the common causes of acute stridor in children? （ ）。
- Wheezing in children under 5 years old needs to be identified with which of the following diseases?（ ）。
- What are the correct statements about the clinical manifestations of Staphylococcus aureus？（ ）。
- What are the risk factors for developing severe bronchiolitis?（ ）。
- What are the types of atelectasis?（ ）。
- What are the common sequelae of adenovirus pneumonia in children?（ ）。
- Which of the following options are appropriate for the treatment of acute bronchiolitis?（ ）。
- what kind of disease produce stridor become symptomatic soon after birth？（ ）。
- What is the dosage of dexamethasone in children with croup?（ ）。
- A 7-year-old girl was admitted with a cough for 20 days. Physical examination: T 36.5 ℃, P 98 beats/min, R 28 beats/min, the right lung breathing sound is low, with moist rales. The chest X-ray indicates a large area of consolidation in the upper right lobe. According to the classification of pneumonia, what is the correct diagnosis for this child?（ ）
- A 2-year-old boy, presented with cough and asthma for 3 days. No previous history of wheezing. The respiratory sound on the left side was reduced, and the chest X-ray indicated left emphysema. What is most likely diagnosis of this child?（ ）
- A 1.5-year-old boy, cough and wheezing for 6 months.Suffered from severe pneumonia and measles virus infection six months ago. Chest CT indicated mosaic sign.What is most likely diagnosis of this child?（ ）
- Which of the following statements about antiviral treatment for community-acquired pneumonia is NOT true ?（ ）
- What is the first choice for the treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia？（ ）
- Which of the following is the most severe presentation of croup?（ ）
- What is the most effective anti-inflammatory medications for the treatment of chronic asthma？（ ）
- A 1-year-old boy, cough and wheezing for more than half a month, symptoms were obvious after each feeding and usually occurs at 3-4 o'clock in the morning. Antibiotics, methylprednisolone and nebulization for 10 days, but no improvement. there were 2 times of wheezing in the past, nebulization therapy was ineffective, and he usually vomits milk. What is most likely diagnosis of this child?（ ）
- Which of the following is true about cardiomegaly?（CTR:Cardiothoracic ratio）（ ）
- Which is NOT correct about the classification of the course of pneumonia?（ ）
- Which of the following diseases require CT examination?（ ）。
- Which of the following examination results may indicate chronic lung infection?（ ）
- If a 2-year boy choke and cough, without prodromal signs of infection, what disease may it be?（ ）。
- If mycoplasma pneumoniae infection is considered, which of the following antibiotics should be chosed？（ ）
- Which of the following does not meet the clinical manifestations of epiglottitis?（ ）。
- What is the typical clinical manifestation of acute bronchiolitis?（ ）
- Which of the following is not a complication of acute respiratory failure？（ ）
- Which sinuses develop lastest?（ ）。
- Which of the following is the cause of hypoxic respiratory failure?（ ）
- Which of the following diseases are likely to cause respiratory failure？（ ）
- Which of the following meets the clinical characteristics of acute respiratory distress syndrome?（ ）
- According to the definition , which of the following conditions can be diagnosed as respiratory failure?（ ）
- Bronchiolitis and asthma are the most common causes of acute respiratory failure in pediatric patients. （ ）
- Theophylline is routinely used for children with severe asthma exacerbation.（ ）
- Which of the following does not meet the clinical manifestations of asthma?（ ）
- Which of the following is appropriate for the treatment of asthma exacerbation?（ ）
- What is the preferred therapy when initiating long-term control therapy for asthma in children？（ ）
- What possible diseases should be considered for children with recurrent wheezing?（ ）。
- According to pathological type，lobar pneumonia is the most common type in children。（ ）
- What is the main treatment for adenovirus pneumonia in children?（ ）
- Which of the following is the common pathogen of community-acquired pneumonia in neonates？（ ）
- What are the common pathogens of acute bronchiolitis?（ ）。
- The treatment of children with viral bronchiolitis is supportive management.（ ）
- Most children with croup should be hospitalized. （ ）
- What is the most common pathogen of acute epiglottitis?（ ）。
- The cricoid cartilage below the vocal cords is the narrowest portion of the upper airway.（ ）
- What is the most common pathogen of Bacterial tracheitis?（ ）。
- Which of the following are the indicators of croup？（ ）。
- Which antibiotic is the preferred treatment for tonsillitis?（ ）。
- Colds occur year-round, but the incidence is greatest in winter. （ ）
- The common cold is an acute bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract.（ ）
- The term URTI embraces a number of different conditions：（ ）。
- Which drug is the preferred treatment for influenza infection?（ ）。
- What are NOT the common causes of acute stridor in children? （ ）。
- Which of the following are the indicators of serious chronic lower respiratory tract disease in children？（ ）。
- Stridor is most commonly observed in children with asthma.（ ）
- Normal chest X-ray shows a gas shadow below the right hemidiaphragm, which is a gastric bubble.（ ）
- What is the most common cause of recurrent or persistent cough in children？（ ）。
- What is the anatomical boundary between the upper and lower respiratory tracts?（ ）。
- Which sinuses develop first?（ ）。
- There is collateral ventilation in newborns and infants.（ ）
- Why are children prone to wheezing?（ ）。
- The onset of breathing activities occurs not at birth but in utero. （ ）
答案:对
答案:对
答案:对
答案:错
答案:对
答案:错
答案:对
答案:对
答案:对
答案:错
答案:对
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