- In paper writing, what is primary is logical and convincing, but rhetoric is secondary. （ ）
- The more specific your claim, the more it helps you plan your argument and keep your readers on track as they read it. （ ）。
- When you acknowledge the views of others, you show that you not only know those views, but have carefully considered and can confidently respond to them. （ ）。
- You must build your paper out of your own words that reflect your own thinking. But you’ll support much of that thinking with quotations, paraphrases, and summaries. （ ）。
- Research arguments are original not only in their ideas, but also their methods and ways of reasoning. （ ）。
- Research is an activity of scholars only, and it is almost seldom done by other people. （ ）
- When you read sources, look for claims that seem puzzling, inaccurate, or simplistic—anything you can disagree with. （ ）。
- Author-title is common in the humanities while author-date is used in the natural sciences and most of the social sciences, because in those rapidly changing fields, readers want to know quickly how old a source is. （ ）
- If a paraphrase or summary extends over several paragraphs, cite it only once at the end. （ ）。
- When we establish a context, we should list every source we read that touches our topic. （ ）。
- Which of the following methods can help you find a topic? （ ）。
- How can you avoid visual misrepresentation? （ ）
- How can we write our conclusion? （ ）
- How can we ask questions concerning a focused topic? （ ）
- What ways of asking questions does the question “What is the difference between communicative language teaching and task-based language teaching?” use? （ ）。
- All citation forms begin with the name of the author, editor, or whoever else is responsible for the source. We distinguish styles by what follows the author. If the title follows the author, the style is called ______. ( )
- According to the principle of “Old before new”, which sentence below is clearer? （ ）
- What is the advantage of bar charts? （ ）。
- Figures do not include ______. （ ）。
- Which sentence states the context in the following abstract? “1. This paper presents an intervention that was created in a United Kingdom university Classics department where approximately 60% of undergraduate students came from diverse educational backgrounds to study classical Greco-Roman culture, but had not studied it before at school/college. 2. To equip these more than usually diverse ‘transition’ students with a skills base to aid both their academic progress and future employability, a team-taught mandatory module was designed for first term, first-year undergraduates, which embedded two workshops and an assessment exercise on academic writing with eight workshops on other skills, most of which are both discipline-specific and ‘transferable’. 3. The in-term assessments tested understanding of the skills taught, while a final exercise required students to reflect on their longer learning process over the term, evaluating development in their academic writing in the context of other discipline-specific skills. 4. This module serves as a model for adoption both within academic departments and also at an institutional level for early stage academic writing training in a subject-related context, which can serve as a first step on a longer ladder of skills acquisition over the degree for enhancing both academic success and employability awareness.”（ ）。
- You must speak for such evidence by introducing it with a sentence stating what you want your readers to get out of it. （ ）。
- The citation style of “Anes, Lee J. A Story of Ohio: Its Early Days. Boston: Hobson Press, 1988.” is author -title. （ ）
- In all international systems of documentation, there must be an abstract in a paper. （ ）
- Even if you cite the source, readers must know exactly which words are not yours, even if they are as few as a single line. （ ）。
- Most research projects in the humanities and many in natural and social sciences have no direct application to daily life. （ ）。
- A conceptual problem arises when we do not understand something about the world as well as we would like. We solve a conceptual problem not by doing something to change the world but by answering a question that helps understand it better. （ ）。
- The standard way of framing new research problems is to challenge or build on the conclusions or methods of others, as presented in secondary sources they have written. （ ）。
- The passive voice allowed us to move the older, more familiar information from the end of its sentence to its beginning. （ ）。
- Experienced researchers don’t read passively; they engage their sources actively, entering into conversation with them. （ ）。
- You must cite your source every time you use its words, but you don’t have to when you you only paraphrase or summarize them. （ ）
- You can strengthen your argument by anticipating, acknowledging, and responding to questions, objections, and alternatives that your readers are likely to raise along the way. （ ）。
- Paper writing is different from argumentation writing in nature. （ ）
- If you summarise your sources, you don’t have to cite its bibliographic data in the appropriate style. （ ）。
- What are the features of academic warrant? （ ）
- Sources are conventionally categorized into: （ ）
- How can you question warrants? （ ）
- How can research help your readers according to your textbook in Chapter 2? （ ）。
- How can you manage the unavoidable problem of inexperience? （ ）
- How can you challenge others’ warrants? （ ）
- How can you build a complex argument out of a basic argument? （ ）
- What are the methods of finding a good research problem? （ ）
- Which kind of claim does “Exposure to second-hand smoking is a leading contributor to lung cancer.” belong to? （ ）。
- Which might be considered as a good research problem? （ ）。
- When using _______, you list your sources in a bibliography and cite them in your text with footnotes or endnotes. （ ）
- In which style of citation do you give a list of works cited and cite your sources parenthetically in your text? （ ）
- Which kind of claim does “William Shakespeare is the greatest writer ever produced in the English language.” belong to? （ ）。
- Which of the following graphics can emphasize trends? （ ）。
- Which kind of claim does “Ministry of Education should reduce the burden of primary school students.” belong to? （ ）。
- When you report your own evidence, you cannot avoid manipulating them. （ ）。
- Graphs will not mislead when the image encourages reader to misjudge values. （ ）
- Topic, title, question, and problem for research writing are closely related to each other. （ ）
- While you are to argue against or defend a position or point of view in a thesis paper, you are not supposed to do so in a report paper. （ ）
- Drafting can be an act of discovery that planning can never replace, because it is then that we often experience one of research’s most exciting moments: we discover ideas that we didn’t have until we expressed them. （ ）。
- Paraphrase when you can state what a source says more clearly or concisely or when your argument depends on the details in a source but not on its specific words. （ ）。
- Once you establish a stable context or common ground, disrupt it with a problem. （ ）。
- Claim is at the core of every research argument, and you have to back up that claim with reasons and evidence. （ ）。
- A topic is a broad area of knowledge (e.g., climate change), while a subject is a specific interest within that area.（ ）
- You must cite your source every time you use its words, even if you only paraphrase or summarize them. If the quotations, paraphrases, or summaries come from different pages of your sources, cite each one individually. （ ）。
- If you want to show the proportion of a single variable for a series of cases (e.g., the budget share of different universities in China), you can use a pie chart. （ ）。
- We don’t base evidence on reasons; we base reasons on evidence. （ ）
- Every kind of writing comprises form and content. There is no exception with paper writing. （ ）
- If you compare the value of one variable across a series of items called cases (e.g., average salaries for service workers in six companies), you can use a bar chart. （ ）。
- The most common problem is not that students don’t know that they should cite a source, but that they lose track of which words are theirs and which are borrowed. （ ）。
- Paper writing is, in some sense, a type of practical writing, displaying formulaic features to a large degree for some purpose. （ ）
- All arguments rely on warrants, even if they aren’t stated explicitly. （ ）。
- No research argument is complete without acknowledgments and responses. （ ）。
- An abstract is a paragraph that tells readers what they will find in a paper, an article, or a report. It should be shorter than an introduction but shares the same structure. （ ）。
- The classifications of primary, secondary, and tertiary are relatively stable and are not subject to change. （ ）。
- How can you evaluate your evidence? （ ）
- How can we state our response in writing an introduction? （ ）
- How can we establish a context in writing an introduction? （ ）
- What should you not do as an ethical researcher? （ ）
- When do you have to state a warrant? （ ）
- How can you evaluate the quality of your argument? （ ）
- We are supposed to make our claim ______ （ ）
- Which is proposed to help readers understand graphics? （ ）。
- How can you qualify claims to enhance your credibility: （ ）
- Conceptual claims include （ ）
- How can you evaluate a book for relevance? （ ）
- What are the steps in formulating a significant question? （ ）
- How can writing help you according to the textbook? （ ）。
- Which of the following methods can help to avoid visual misrepresentation? （ ）。
- How can you revise the organization of your paper? （ ）
- What ways of asking questions does the question “What role does Dao play in traditional Chinese culture?” use? （ ）。
- Which of the following can be considered as a good topic? （ ）。
- Which sentence in the argument below includes the claim? “1. Elementary schools should make teaching foreign languages a priority because we acquire languages best and most easily when we are young. 2. In fact, those who begin second languages as adults rarely attain the level of fluency of those who learn them as children. 3. In a study of over one hundred second- language learners, Jones (2013) identified an inverse correlation between second- language proficiency and . . . (see table 1).”（ ）。
- Which is NOT a result of misleading figures? （ ）。
- What ways of asking questions does the question “Which country first invented compass?” use? （ ）。
- Which kind of claim does “Beijing is the capital of China” belong to? （ ）。
- What ways of asking questions does the question “Why was potato not first planted in China?” use? （ ）。
- Which kind of claim does “Dinosaur is an extinct terrestrial reptile, freq. of gigantic size, of a group which was dominant in Mesozoic times, some having pelvic girdles like lizards (order Saurischia) and others like birds (order Ornithischia)”belong to? （ ）。
- According to the principle of “complexity last”, which sentence below is clearer? （ ）
- Which sentence in the argument below includes the evidence? “1 When an area has fewer hard freezes, it can expect higher medical costs to cope with diseases carried by subtropical insects that do not survive freezes. 2. Europe and North America must thus expect higher health care costs because climate change is moving the line of extended hard freezes steadily north. 3. In the last one hundred years, the line of hard freezes lasting more than two weeks has moved north at the rate of roughly . . .”（ ）。
- The primary sources in the field of literature include: （ ）
- Which question is NOT meaningful? （ ）。
- Which question is NOT worth asking about Lord of the Flies?（ ）。
- Which might be a good focused topic for an essay about Lord of the Flies? （ ）。
- According to the principle of “make your central characters the subjects of those verbs; keep those subjects short, concrete, and specific”, which sentence below is clearer? （ ）
- Research is a social activity that connects you both to those who will use your research and to those who might benefit from that use.（ ）
- Craftsmanship means a willingness to focus, directly and methodically, on what we don’t yet know so that we can learn how to work with ever-increasing skill.（ ）
- What are the three taming techniques to get us back in track in academic writing? （ ）。
- Thinking of ourselves as craftspersons will help free us from becoming poseurs and thereby help us to do better intellectual work.（ ）
- Academic career is a life of the mind.（ ）
- When revising a sentence, we can… （ ）。
- Academic style is supposed to be…（ ）。
- What is the whole subject of the sentence “The Lord's extensive collection of coins is on display until June”? （ ）。
- What does the principle of “complexity last” mean? （ ）。
- What is the simple subject of the sentence “The Lord's extensive collection of coins is on display until June”? （ ）。
- What are the guidelines for avoiding visual misrepresentation?（ ）。
- Insert into the table or figure information that helps readers see how the data support your point.（ ）
- What is the rhetorical effect of a table?（ ）。
- You visual representation should be not only accurate but also honest and ethical.（ ）
- Bar charts communicate as much by visual impact as by specific numbers.（ ）
- Why are citing sources beneficial for you?（ ）。
- When you support your reasons with evidence, you have to show readers how evidence is relevant.（ ）
- When you cite sources, you honor them by acknowledging your intellectual debts.（ ）
- Which statement on incorporating sources is NOT true?（ ）。
- Readers use citations to decide how much they can trust the reliability, currency, and completeness of your evidence.（ ）
- Which statement on drafting is NOT true?（ ）。
- When revising the organization of your paper, you have to check whether key terms run through your whole paper.（ ）
- If what you identify as evidence and its explanation are less than a third or so of a section, you may not have enough evidence to support your reasons.（ ）
- When revising your paragraphs, you have to arrange them as a conversation you are orchestrating.（ ）
- When you revise, you have to think as a reader.（ ）
- Warrant is a general principle that justifies relating your particular reason to your particular claim.（ ）
- The core of a research argument is the claim supported by reasons and evidence.（ ）
- A research argument includes six parts: claim, reasons, evidence, acknowledgment, response, and warrant.（ ）
- In a research argument, we are expected to show readers why our claims are important and then to support your claims with good reasons and evidence.（ ）
- We have to plan our argument after we have gathered every last bit of data and found every last relevant source.（ ）
- When you plan your working introduction, you have to identify key concepts that will run through your whole paper.（ ）
- Organize your paper as a narrative of your thinking.（ ）
- How do you plan the body of your paper?（ ）。
- When sketch a working introduction, you should…（ ）。
- Do assemble your paper as a patchwork of your notes.（ ）
- How can we engage sources actively? （ ）。
- When you read, you summarize when you only the point of a passage, section, or even whole article or book.（ ）
- When you read for arguments, you can…（ ）。
- Take notes in a way that will help you not only to remember and use what you have read but also to further your own thinking.（ ）
- When you read for creative agreement, you can…（ ）。
- Which are search operators in doing online search?（ ）。
- In the field of history, letters, diaries, objects, maps, and clothing are primary sources.（ ）。
- We can make distinction between primary, secondary, and tertiary sources according to the way of publication（ ）。
- What are the two criteria of evaluating sources（ ）。
- The classifications of primary, secondary, and tertiary are not absolute but relative to a researcher’s project.（ ）
- The condition of a conceptual problem is always some version of not knowing or understanding something.（ ）
- How can you change a broad topic into a focused one?（ ）。
- How can you turn your interest into a topic?（ ）。
- Which statement is NOT true?（ ）。
- To engage your best critical thinking, systematically ask questions about topic’s history, composition, and categories.（ ）
- Writing can help students become an academic tourist at Harvard University.（ ）
- Which one is not the purpose of the academic writing course?（ ）
- Writing course is compulsory for undergraduate students at Harvard University.（ ）
- The skill of academic writing is transferrable.（ ）
- What are the learning methods of this course?（ ）。
答案:对
答案:对
答案:对
答案:对
答案:错
答案:错
答案:对
答案:对
答案:对
答案:错
答案:Skim the latest issues of journals in your field.###Skim headings in specialized indexes.###Use Google Scholar, a search engine that focuses on scholarly journals and books.###Skim encyclopedia entries in your library or online.
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