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中西文化比较与跨文化交际期末答案2023秋

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1.Culture is （）
A:static B:subject to change C:dynamic D:tangible rather than intangible
答案:AI参考:正确选项是【C:dynamic】\n\n文化是动态的（dynamic），表示文化不是静止不变的，而是随着时间和环境的变化而不断发展和演变的。因此，选项C是正确的答案。选项A表示静态的，与文化的发展和演变相矛盾；选项B表示会发生变化，但没有强调文化的动态性；选项D则与题目意思不符，文化不能被描述为物质与非物质之间的选择。'
2.

To find career success, you need to understand how verbal and non-verbal communication work together in the employment environment. While your verbal communication skills may help you ace the interview and land the job, non-verbal communication is equally important when it comes to job performance, promotion, and your enjoyment from your career. Here's everything you need to know about verbal and non-verbal communication in the workplace.

Verbal communication is fairly straightforward -- speech -- but what does it mean at work? When employers talk about verbal communication, they generally mean something like: speaking clearly and articulately, asking questions, asking for help, conveying information to managers and supervisors in an appropriate and timely manner, listening actively without interrupting, receiving and integrating feedback without growing defensive, training others, providing customer service, analyzing non-verbal cues from others and responding verbally.

It's fairly easy to understand how verbal skills play out in the workplace, as you can think back on things you've said or heard at work. It's tricker to get a handle for non-verbal communication within the workplace.

Non-verbal communication consists of everything that's unsaid, including: body language and posture, facial expressions, clothing and hairstyle, voice, eye contact, distance between yourself and others etc. If you've ever felt too close to someone when networking at a cocktail party, or wondered why someone you just met is staring at your body rather than your face, then you know how uncomfortable it can be to interact with someone who has poor non-verbal communication. You were probably also taught to look people in the eye when speaking and to give others at least two feet of personal space unless you have a close relationship.

Non-verbal communication skills vary by culture. While eye contact when talking is normative in European cultures, Asian and Latin cultures view extended eye contact as a challenge to authority. If you're in a management role, understanding these cultural differences will help you be an effective manager to all your employees.

Now that you understand what workplace verbal and non-verbal communication skills are, how do non-verbal skills affect workplace harmony? Put simply, non-verbal skills affect the way that your verbal message comes off and the way that others hear your words. To illustrate with an example, if you are training a new hire with your arms crossed at the chest or with a stern glare in your eyes, the new person may get the impression that you are frustrated or angry with them. This can negatively impact your relationship with the new hire. Lightening up the mood with open body language or a pleasant smile can smooth things over.

Conversely, if the new hire has his arms crossed and appears on guard while receiving instructions on how to complete a task, they clearly are not listening well. They seem defensive about something. By picking up on their non-verbal communication and asking open-ended questions to gain a better understanding of what's going on, you can defuse the situation and get on with training.

To grow your non-verbal communication skills, investigate how you come off to others by asking close friends or family members. You may be surprised to find out that your clothing or facial expressions convey something unintended. The best job candidates have an open mindset and are always interested in learning new things that can positively affect their performance, whether they love their current role or want something different. Once you receive honest feedback from those who love you, think on how you can adjust your behavior so you come off the way you want to come off in your professional and personal life.

答案:"AI参考:根据原文信息得出，非语言沟通在工作中非常重要，因为它包括身体语言、面部表情、服装、发型、声音、眼神接触、与其他人之间的距离等。因此，我们可以推断出正确的选项是【C】。原文中提到“non-verbal communication consists of everything thats unsaid”，意味着它包括了无声的表达方式，而C选项提到的这些元素也包括了这一点。而A选项强调的是求职过程中的言辞，与文章主旨不符；B选项也仅仅涉及到职场中的一个方面，无法涵盖所有的内容；D选项的内容也是错误的，文中并未提及这些因素与职业发展之间的关联。因此，根据上下文和文章内容，可以得出正确的答案为C。"
3.Practice your handshake, ________ , and non-verbal communication are important in a job interview. ( )

答案:eye contact
4.Practice your handshake, ________ , and non-verbal communication are important in a job interview

答案:eye contact
5. 在液相色谱法中,按分离原理分类,液固色谱法属于(  ).                  

答案: B、吸附色谱法   
6. 分配系数K是固定相和流动相的溶质浓度之比.待分离组分的K越大,则保留值______各组分的K相差越大,则它们___________分离. 

答案:越大 ; 越容易
7.

Which statement about family in western culture is TRUE?

A:Father and son relation has the first priority over other relations in a family. B:Adult children should support their aging parents. C:Parents should not discipline their children to show respect for individuality. D:A man should leave his parents and to be united to his wife.
答案:AI参考:正确答案是B：Adult children should support their aging parents。\n\n西方文化中，成年子女应该赡养和支持他们的年迈父母，这是一种传统的家庭关系，符合题目中给出的“family in western culture”这一信息。而其他选项A、C、D都没有直接符合题干中所描述的家庭文化特点。因此，B选项是正确的。'
8.Which concepts are highly valued in the development of the Chinese culture?（）
A:Unity of Heaven and Man. B:Do not do to others what you do not wish yourself. C:Harmony Without Uniformity. D:Uniformity Without Harmony.
答案:Harmony Without Uniformity###Do not do to others what you do not wish yourself###Unity of Heaven and Man
9.Which of the following choices are the quotations from ancient classics that we should value nowadays?
A:A man of high moral quality will never feel lonely. B:Care for each other and help one another. C:Everyone is responsible for his country’s rise or fall. D:Be true in word and resolute in deed.
答案:Everyone is responsible for his country’s rise or fall.; Be true in word and resolute in deed.; Care for each other and help one another.; A man of high moral quality will never feel lonely.
10.Which of the following thinkers have once elaborated on the concept of He (和, Harmony)?
A:Yan Ying (晏婴) B:Shi Bo (史伯) C:Confucius D:Mencius
答案:Shi Bo (史伯)###Yan Ying (晏婴)###Confucius
11.The functions of communication can be summarized as ________.
A:communication helps fulfill interpersonal needs B:communication establishes personal identities C:communication exchanges information rather than understanding emotions and intentions behind the information. D:communication allows you to gather information about other people