中国石油大学（华东）
- Is there enough oil beneath the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (保护区) (ANWR) to help secure America’s energy future? President Bush certainly thinks so. He has argued that tapping ANWR’s oil would help ease California’s electricity crisis and provide a major boost to the country’s energy independence. But no one knows for sure how much crude oil lies buried beneath the frozen earth with the last government survey, conducted in 1998, projecting output anywhere from 3 billion to 16 billion barrels. The oil industry goes with the high end of the range, which could equal as much as 10% of U.S. consumption for as long as six years. By pumping more than 1 million barrels a day from the reserve for the next two three decades, lobbyists claim, the nation could cut back on imports equivalent to all shipments to the U.S. from Saudi Arabia. Sounds good. An oil boom would also mean a multibillion-dollar windfall in tax revenues, royalties and leasing fees for Alaska and the Federal Government. Best of all, advocates of drilling say, damage to the environment would be insignificant. “We’ve never had a document case of oil rig chasing deer out onto the pack ice.” says Alaska State Representative Scott Ogan. Not so far, say environmentalists. Sticking to the low end of government estimates, the National Resources Defense Council says there may be no more than 3.2 billion barrels of economically recoverable oil in the coastal plain of ANWR, a drop in the bucket that would do virtually nothing to ease America’s energy problems. And consumers would wait up to a decade to gain any benefits, because drilling could begin only after much bargaining over leases, environmental permits and regulatory review. As for ANWR’s impact on the California power crisis, environmentalists point out that oil is responsible for only 1% of the Golden State’s electricity output—and just 3% of the nation’s.
- If the population of the earth goes on increasing at its present rate, there will eventually not be enough resources left to sustain life on the planet. By the middle of the 21st century, if present trends continue, we will have used up all the oil that drives our cars, for example. Even if scientists develop new ways of feeding the human race, the crowded conditions on earth will make it necessary for us to look for open space somewhere else. But none of the other planets in our solar system are capable of supporting life at present. One possible solution to the problem, however, has recently been suggested by American scientist, Professor Carl Sagan.Sagan believes that before the earth's resources are completely exhausted it will be possible to change the atmosphere of Venus and so create a new world almost as large as earth itself. The difficult is that Venus is much hotter than the earth and there is only a tiny amount of water there.Sagan proposes that algae organisms that can live in extremely hot or cold atmospheres and at the same time produce oxygen, should be bred in condition similar to those on Venus. As soon as this has been done, the algae will be placed in small rockets. Spaceship will then fly to Venus and fire the rockets into the atmosphere. In a fairly short time, the alga will break down the carbon dioxide into oxygen and carbon.When the algae have done their work, the atmosphere will become cooler, but before man can set foot on Venus it will be necessary for the oxygen to produce rain. The surface of the planet will still be too hot for man to land on it but the rain will eventually fall and in a few years something like earth will be reproduced on Venus.
- China is constructing mutually beneficial relationships with all the countries along the Belt and Road, which is a grand win-win strategy.
- With looser chemical bonds means less electricity needs to be used for electrolysis.
- You can reduce your water usage by shutting off the water while you brush your teeth and taking shorter showers.
- A fission nuclear power plant is generally composed of a nuclear reactor, in which the nuclear reactions generating heat take place; a cooling system, which removes the heat from inside the reactor; a steam turbine, which transforms the heat in mechanical energy; an electric generator, which transform the mechanical energy into electrical energy.
- The most significant disadvantages of coal are the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and the dangers posed by the extraction process.
- Reducing, Reusing, and Recycling make the Earth cleaner.
- According to the report by EIA in 2019, the top three countries by oil consumption are the United States, China, and India.
- Several particular strains of green algae give off hydrogen and oxygen.
- Experts cannot agree what that exact level is, but some state that a hyperinflation means monthly inflation rate is greater than 50%.
- The main use of fossil fuels in ancient socio-cultural life include only three perspectives: production, the heating material, and transportation.
- It is Elbert Einstein who proposed the famous formula of mass–energy equivalence.
- The overwhelming majority of scientists agree that climate change is real and caused by humans.
- In 19th-century London, wood and coal was burned in large quantities to heat homes and other buildings, which was the main source of smog.
- In and around Beijing, a large population and high concentration of industry – combined with the hilly topography surrounding the city – push the levels of smog up to and beyond “dangerous” at certain times of the year.
- Hydropower is electricity made by generators that are pushed by still water. It is usually made with dams that block a river to make a reservoir or collect water that is pumped there.
- Acronyms are words formed from the initial letters of words and pronounced as single words.
- Among the renewables, hydroelectric and wind power are the cleanest sources of energy.
- Obtaining hydrogen from electrolysis is being studied as a viable way to produce it domestically at a high cost.
- The word “energy” first derived from Greek word energia.
- To some extent, to safeguard the oil import line is to safeguard the lifeblood of China's economy.
- In history, besides cooking and heating, there are also other functions of charcoal which pushed the society development. For example, the handicraft industry, which is the second important area that fuel carbon is widely used.
- Natural gas is overshadowed by oil for the reason that it is often mistaken for gasoline (the short form is gas) in the “oil and gas industry”.
- The average trained villager is able to maintain a nuclear power system based on centuries-old concepts.
- The energy sector remains one of the least gender diverse sectors in the economy.
- The word “diesel” derived from the inventor Rudolf Diesel, which belongs to the word-forming method of generalization, that is, from proper names to common words.
- Modern hydroelectric dams can be viewed as the descendants of the water wheel, as they too take advantage of the movement of water downhill. Today’s hydroelectricity plants may be many times more sophisticated, and they rely on the principles totally different from that of mankind’s earliest machines.
- Geothermal energy is considered as a sustainable energy source because the energy taken out can be reinjected into where it is.
- Compared to earthquakes, where the event intensity can be quantitatively evaluated, the level of severity of a man-made disaster, such as a nuclear accident, is more subject to interpretation. Because of the difficulty of interpreting, the INES level of an incident is assigned well after the incident occurs. Therefore, the scale has a very limited ability to assist in disaster-aid deployment.
- Fires release the carbon stored in plants, so measuring the extent and severity of forest fires around the globe is an important ingredient in understanding the carbon cycle.
- Chinese and English abbreviations have different forming methods.
- The earlist use of geothermal energy can be traced back to ( ).
- In the long and gloomy history, it is ( ) that provided endless light, power and warmth for our ancestors.
- Proponents of nuclear power believe that nuclear power is the only viable course for a country to achieve energy independence while also meeting their "ambitious" nationally determined contributions to reduce carbon emissions in accordance with the ____ Agreement signed by 195 nations.
- In recent years ( ) has seen the largest increase of any country in coal consumption.
- The term Dutch Disease was coined to explain a sharp decline in the Dutch economy following their discovery of ( ) in 1959.
- One of the beneficial environmental impacts of TGD is that it reduces China’s dependency on ______, a hydro carbon that produces greenhouse gases, by providing clean hydroelectricity.
- Compared with other fuel sources, both non-renewable and renewable, which of the following is not mentioned as a primary advantage of coal ?
- which of the following is NOT the consequence when the economy of Venezuela became largely oil-based economy?
- Hydroelectric and coal-fired power plants produce electricity in a similar way. In both cases a power source is used to turn a turbine -- a coal-fired power plant uses _____ to turn the turbine blades; whereas a hydroelectric plant uses moving water to turn the turbine.
- “To carry coals to Newcastle” means to do something ( ).
- By 2020, the imported oil is expected to account for ( ), China is almost becoming a country totally dependent on imported oil.
- What is the Greenhouse Effect? （ ）
- How many different components does it take to build a utility scale wind turbine?
- Which one of the following prefixes have opposite meanings itself?（ ）.
- Which of the following is NOT an example of distributed wind generation?
- In the absence of nuclear power, utilities need to burn fossil fuels to keep the energy grid reliable, even with access to solar and wind energy, because those sources are _______.
- The largest coal export countries in 2017 is ( ).
- Solar energy from the Sun creates temperature differentials that result in wind. The interaction between wind and the surface of water creates waves, which are larger when there is a ______ distance for them to build up.
- When all the energy-intensive stages of the nuclear fuel chain are considered, from uranium mining to final nuclear decommissioning, nuclear power is ____ a low-carbon electricity source.
- It is said coal was used commercially by the ( ) long before it was used in Europe.
- A process by which a word of wide meaning acquires a narrower, sense is called （ ）.
- In oil jargon, 清管器 is（ ）.
- Where were OPEC’s headquarters in 1961-1965? （ ）
- The chief advantage of hydroelectricity is that it does not run out as long as there is a good ________.
- Which of the following is not a condition for ancient living things to become fossil fuels?
- In oil jargon, “落物打捞工人”为 （ ）
- Osmotic power, or salinity gradient power, is the energy available from the difference in the ______ between seawater and river water. At the mouth of rivers where fresh water mixes with salt water, energy associated with the salinity gradient can be harnessed.
- The reaction rate is controlled by control rods that absorb excess _____. The controllability of nuclear reactors depends on the fact that a small fraction of neutrons resulting from fission are delayed. The time delay between the fission and the release of the neutrons ______________changes in reaction rates.
- The goal of feed-in tariffs is to offer cost-based compensation to _____ energy producers, providing price certainty and long-term contracts that help finance ______ energy investments.
- Oil as a new energy resource, replaced water and grass, and triggered the large-scaled （ ）from other places to the barren lands, which was quite rare in human’s history.
- In the SI system, the unit name of “newton” is to represent （ ）.
- Plastic Recycling Symbols， marked as ( ) has a high melting point of 167 ºC, and so is often chosen for water cans, garbage cans, baskets, food containers for microwave ovens and so on.
- In the SI system, the density is represented by the symbol of（ ）.
- How many electric vehicles will hit the road by 2040 in China?
- In oil jargon, “架工操作台” is （ ）
- Concerning the function of turbine components, which of the following statements is correct?
- The word formation of generalization does NOT include the following method——（ ）
- A large population and high concentration of industry, combined with the hilly topography surrounding the city, contribute to ( ).
- Which of these countries is NOT an OPEC country? （ ）
- Both nuclear reactors and uranium enrichment facilities must be decommissioned. After a cooling-off period that may last as long as ______, reactors must be dismantled and cut into small pieces to be packed in containers for final disposal. The process is very expensive, time-consuming, dangerous for workers, hazardous to the natural environment, and presents new opportunities for human error, accidents or sabotage.
- People say that the strength of the United States is on three pillars: ( ).
- Ocean thermal energy conversion can supply quantities of _____ as a by-product. This can be used for air conditioning and refrigeration and the nutrient-rich deep ocean water can feed biological technologies. Another by-product is fresh water distilled from the sea.
- Nuclear power is the use of nuclear reactions that release nuclear energy to generate _____, which most frequently is then used in steam turbines to produce electricity in a nuclear power plant.
- IRENA, which stands for International Renewable Energy Agency, is an abbreviation formed by the method of （ ）.
- What can you do to help fight climate change? （ ）
- Water typically varies in temperature from the surface warmed by direct sunlight to greater depths where sunlight cannot penetrate. This differential is greatest in _____ waters, making ocean thermal energy conversion most applicable.
- ( ) burns much cleaner than other kind of fossil fuels and produces far less carbon dioxide for each unit of energy
- While nuclear power _________ emit greenhouse gases associated with the combustion of fossil fuels, emissions occur, as with every source of energy, over a facility's life cycle: mining and fabrication of construction materials, plant construction, operation, uranium mining and milling, and plant decommissioning.
- The Chernobyl steam explosion is considered the worst nuclear power plant accident in history, and is one of only two classified as a level ___ event on the International Nuclear Event Scale (the other being the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster).
- Where are OPEC’s headquarters? （ ）
答案:It will help reduce the nation’s oil imports.
答案:it might be possible to change its atmosphere
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A:the Paleolithic Age B:the Stone Age C:the oil age D:the Dinosaur Age
A:Gas and wood B:Wood and charcoal C:Coal and gas D:Coal and wood
A:France B:Paris C:Copenhagen D:Geneva
A:India B:China C:Germany D:Japanese
A:natural gas reserves B:natural coal reserves C:natural combustible reserves D:natural oil reserves
A:coal B:methane C:natural gas D:oil
A:affordability B:abundance C:low capital expense D:even distribution
A:The Venezuelan bolivar was extremely valuable. B:The imports became difficult for Venezuela C:The producers of the country stopped production.
A:fire B:steam C:heat D:carbon dioxide
A:necessary B:unnecessary C:important D:urgent
A:80% B:90% C:85% D:95%
A:When the gasses in our atmosphere trap heat and block it from escaping our planet B:When you build a greenhouse C:The name of climate change legislation that passed by congress D:When you paint your house green to become an environmentalist
A:More than 80 B:More than 80,000 C:More than 800 D:More than 8,000
A:homo- B:micro- C:macro- D:iso-
A:A 1.5-megawatt turbine at a university campus B:A small, 5-kilowatt turbine at a home C:A 50-kilowatt turbine at an office building D:A large, 100-megawatt wind farm
A:intermittent B:constant C:rare D:flat
A:Australia B:South Africa C:Indonesia D:Russia
A:greater B:100-meter C:shorter D:certain
A:indeed B:not C:almost D:virtually
A:Chinese B:Canadian C:Japanese D:American
A:generalization B:terminolization C:specialization D:nominalization
A:pig B:pig launcher C:pig receiver D:pig catcher
A:Basra B:Teheran C:Muscat D:Geneva
A:water cycle B:water precipitation C:water supply D:fresh water
A:high pressure B:saturated environment C:aerobic condition D:high temperature
A:fisher B:fish hook C:fish rod D:fish man
A:temperature B:movement C:salt concentration D:weight
A:energy, speeds up B:neutrons, speeds up C:neutrons, slows down D:energy, slows down
A:non-renewable, non-renewable B:renewable, renewable C:new, new D:solar, solar
A:Political reform B:Cultural improvement C:Social changes D:Human migrations
A:force B:power C:frequency D:heat
A:#1 B:#3 C:#7 D:#5
A:mol/m3 B:kg/m3 C:N/m D:m/s
A:a half of the vehicles B:a quarter of the vehicles C:two thirds of the vehicles D:a third of the vehicles
A:monkey strap B:monkey driver C:monkey board D:monkey spanner
A:A brake spins the rotor mechanically and allows the turbines to generate electricity. B:An anemometer measures the speed of the blades and transmits the data to the controller. C:A nacelle is an open structure that houses key turbine components.
A:from common to proper B:from concrete to abstract C:from technical to general D:from specific to general
A:the greenhouse gas B:the global warming C:the heavy traffic jam D:the heavy pollution of smog
A:Venezuela B:Gabon C:Saudi Arabia D:France
A:a decade B:a year C:a week D:a century
A:democracy, science, and military B:currency, democracy, and military C:currency, science, and military D:currency, science, and democracy
A:hot water B:polluted water C:cold water D:salty water
A:atomic energy B:heat C:oxygen D:water
A:acronym B:initialism C:blending D:clipping
A:
Engage yourself in the science behind climate change
B:Divest from fossil fuel companies
C:All the options
D:Vote for political candidates who will advocate for climate-related legislation and policy improvements
A:ocean B:arctic C:tropical D:sea
A:Coal B:Natural gas C:Lignite D:Petroleum
A:will never B:does directly C:does not directly D:will hugely
A:10 B:7 C:8 D:9
A:Dubai B:Riyadh C:Caracas D:Vienna
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