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Academic English
- Food is moving along the esophagus by_________, wave-like contractions of the muscles in the walls of the esophagus （ ）
- Composition is a word-forming process by joining two or more words. A word made in this way is called compound word, such as drug resistance, host-specific, foodborne, etc. （ ）
- ______________, the nerve poison does its business with man far more quickly than the blood poison. （ ）
- 被称为“纤毛”的细毛保护着鼻腔通道和鼻腔呼吸道的其他部分，过滤掉通过呼吸进入鼻子的灰尘和其他颗粒 （ ）
- Health inequalities arise from unequal distribution of______ determinants, including income and assets, knowledge and literacy. （ ）
- In many less developed and low-income countries, health status is relatively low_____________and other indicators. （ ）
- Being or composed of matter other than plant or animal. （ ）
- a specific period of time in which a person or animal that has a disease, or may have one, must stay or be kept away from others in order to prevent the spread of the disease （ ）
- _______ is a serious condition which makes you knees and other joints stiff and painful. （ ）
- ____________, taking 20-minute walks twice per week is preferable to no leisure-time physical activity (PA) as is having 2 servings of fruits and vegetables per day compared to no daily servings. （ ）
- More broadly,dirty water and air,and poor_______are the most common preventable causes of death. （ ）
- of or relating to the production or sale of drugs （ ）
- The conduction system keeps your heart beating in a coordinated and normal rhythm, which in turn keeps blood circulating. （ ）
- 富氧血液“红血”随后进入心脏左侧（由左心房和左心室组成），并通过主动脉泵送至全身，为组织提供氧气。 （ ）
- Prospects for CAR T cell immunotherapy in___________diseases: clues from Lupus.（ ）
- abnormally increased; excessive （ ）
- The levels of p21 and p27 increased after treatment with doxorubicin or seliciclib alone or in combination, compared to untreated controls. （ ）
- any small organism, such as a virus or a bacterium that can cause disease （ ）
- The basic reproduction number R0 of an infectious disease is the number of people who acquire the disease from an infected person assuming the whole population is susceptible. （ ）
- a small lump in your body （ ）
- In the part of methods, you need to detail the research design and the procedures (the steps undertaken to address the research questions, materials, and tools). It is also worth noting that ethical considerations are usually included in the section of methods. In medical journal articles, enough details of materials and methods should be provided so that the research can be reproduced and verified by other scientists. The simple future tense is used in this part．（ ）
- a specialist who specializes in the treatment of tumors （ ）
- Outdoor pollution from vehicle exhausts is known to_______asthma in susceptible individuals but it seems that staying inside offers little relief. （ ）
- Morphine may be given hypodermically to________the pain. （ ）
- 19 .the total number of cases of a disease in a given population at a specific time （ ）
- Primary prevention refers to health promotion, _______________________________________, as well as specific protection against the inception of disease. （ ）
- Which of the following guidelines is incorrect when choosing a topic. （ ）
- A tendency to yield readily to others. （ ）
- differences between what is expected and what actually occurs （ ）
- relating to the study of functions of the nervous system （ ）
- The presence of in vivo data on this point has now been remeding with a paper in this issue of the JCI by Altieri and colleagues. （ ）
- Other studies suggest that__________depression may increase your chances of developing Alzheimer's disease. （ ）
- Which of the following means "within or in"? （ ）
- Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder caused by the inability of the pancreas to produce enough insulin for the body, or when the body fails to use insulin properly. （ ）
- Which of the following means "blood vessels"? （ ）
- a serious illness caused by being bitten by a mosquito, usually in a hot country （ ）
- Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that get their name from the halo of spiked proteins on their outer surface, which resemble a crown, the “corona”, under a microscope. （ ）
- The discussion/comment section seems to be the most difficult part to write because you need to interpret the results instead of just summarizing them. You need to connect the findings of your research with those of existing research. In other words, refer back to the previous studies mentioned in the literature review to see whether your findings are consistent with theirs. Ultimately, you should argue how your findings can, or cannot, illustrate the issue in focus. （ ）
- Health education needs to __________such different concepts and recognize different medical traditions and local ways of healing. （ ）
- The past two decades have brought revolutionary changes in global health, driven by popular concern over the_______________, new strains of influenza, and maternal mortality. （ ）
- a person who works in a particular profession, especially medical or legal business （ ）
- Bilateral means pertaining to ___________ （ ）
- 不是我不想听她说什么，而是我在处理这么多的想法，需要在时间流逝之前解决它们，这种感觉让我处于中度恐慌状态。（ ）
- Which of the following means "bad"? （ ）
- Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Premature Ageing in Severe Acute __________ in Under-Five Children （ ）
- While it is unlikely everyone would agree on a single definition, one common definition is that healthspan, a quantifiable phenotype, is the period of life spent in good health, free from the chronic diseases and disabilities of aging. （ ）
- A good physician is usually unmotivated, mature, compassionate, organized, adaptable, stress-resilient with high level of integrity and strong leadership a good listener and communicator. （ ）
- Developing a strong opening is vital to a successful presentation. An effective introduction will attract the audience’s interest and help them focus on your presentation. Generally speaking, your introduction may consist of the following components:welcome your audience,introduce yourself - your name and position, give the title/subject of your presentation, etc. （ ）
- In type 1 diabetes, either the body does not produce enough insulin or the cells ignore the insulin. （ ）
- This detailed knowledge of the mechanism by which viral glycoproteins mediate entry into host cells can now be applied to pathogens that have not been susceptible to this therapeutic approach. （ ）
A:sever B:neutralize C:churn D:peristalsis
答案:non-keratinized stratified squamous epitheliumAI参考:答案为D：peristalsis。peristalsis是消化系统的肌肉收缩运动，食物通过食道是由食道肌肉的波浪式收缩运动推动的，所以答案为D。其他选项的意思分别是：sever切断，neutralize中和，churn搅动。这些选项与问题无关。'
A:True B:False
AI参考:单选题正确答案是A：True，即“正确”。根据题目中的描述，复合词是通过将两个或多个单词组合在一起形成的，例如drug resistance、host-specific、foodborne等。因此，题目中的陈述是正确的。'
A:Be that may it is B:Be that as it may C:Be it may that as D:Be as that may
AI参考:答案为 B:Be that as it may这句话的意思是：尽管如此，神经毒药对人的作用比血液毒药快得多，be that as it may，不管怎样，无论如何，不管怎样说，所以选B。'
A:Tiny hairs calling ‘cilia’ protect the nasal passageways and other parts of the urinary tract and filter out dust and other particles that enter the nose through the breathed air B:Tiny hairs calling ‘cilia’ protect the nasal passageways and other parts of the respiratory tract and filter out dust and other particles that enter the nose through the breathed air C:Tiny hairs called ‘cilia’ protect the nasal passageways and other parts of the urinary tract and filter out dust and other particles that enter the nose through the breathed air D:Tiny hairs called ‘cilia’ protect the nasal passageways and other parts of the respiratory tract and filter out dust and other particles that enter the nose through the breathed air
AI参考:正确答案是B:Tiny hairs calling ‘cilia’ protect the nasal passageways and other parts of the respiratory tract and filter out dust and other particles that enter the nose through the breathed air。该选项中的描述符合鼻腔纤毛的功能和结构特点，并且描述准确，与问题要求相符。选项A、C、D在描述中存在错误或不准确的地方。因此，B选项是正确答案。'
A:obvious B:true C:negative D:underlying
答案:不平衡的AI参考:正确答案是D:underlying。原文中提到“Health inequalities arise from unequal distribution of underlying determinants”，意思是健康不平等是由于不同原因的分布不均所引起的。根据这句话的含义，我们可以推断出“underlying”在这里的意思是“隐藏的、潜在的”，符合句意，因此选项D是正确答案。其他选项中，“obvious”意为“明显的”，与原文意思不符；“true”意为“真实的”，无法与“determinants”搭配使用；“negative”意为“负面的”，与原文意思相反。'
A:behavioral factors B:vulnerable to serious health risks C:dietary and sanitary practices D:in terms of life expectancy
答案:OperationalAI参考:答案为D:in terms of life expectancy。此题在翻译和逻辑理解上有一定的难度。因为B选项脆弱地处于健康危险之下（对应选项描述没有说明危害来源于哪），A选项的行为因素则主要是由于社会习惯造成的；C选项和D选项似乎类似，但从health status所涵盖的范围上考虑，A和B不可能涉及到，只能D最贴切，只有通过寿命的长短才能衡量一个国家或地区的健康状况。因此，正确答案是D。'
A:inorganic B:inactivity C:invariable D:inattention
答案:正确AI参考:正确答案是A: in inorganic 这个词语指的是非植物或动物组成之物，即无机物。因此选项B、C、D均不正确。'
A:vaccination B:intervene C:quarantine D:jurisdiction
答案:1980sAI参考:正确答案是C：quarantine。quarantine意为“隔离”，指在特定时期内，将患有疾病或可能患有疾病的人或动物与他人隔离开来，以防止疾病的传播。其他选项的意思与题意不符。因此，答案为C。'
A:Osteoarthritis B:Analgesia C:Asthma D:Fibromyalgia
AI参考:正确答案是【A:Osteoarthritis】这是一个严重的情况，它使你的膝盖和其他关节变得僵硬和疼痛。根据上下文，我们可以推断出这是一种关节炎，而选项A中的Osteoarthritis正是关节炎的英文表达。因此，答案为A。B选项Analgesia是镇痛剂的意思，C选项Asthma是哮喘的意思，D选项Fibromyalgia是纤维肌痛症的意思，均不符合题意。'
A:With respect to B:Be paralleled by C:Suffice to say D:This is in sharp contrast to
AI参考:答案为 D:This is in sharp contrast to本题主要讲每周散步20分钟比没有休闲体育活动（身体活动）好，就像每天吃两份水果和蔬菜比不吃日常饮食一样。sharp contrast between...and...之间的对比关系。A与……相一致，B伴随于……同时出现，C对……加以说明，都与文意不符。因此选D。'
A:hygiene B:sanitation C:surveillance D:environment
AI参考:答案为B：sanitation。根据句意“更广泛地说，脏水和空气，以及恶劣的卫生条件是常见的可预防的死亡原因。”可知，这里是在讨论环境卫生问题，因此选项B sanitation符合题意。其他选项的意思分别为：A hygiene指个人卫生；C surveillance指监督；D environment指环境。因此，正确答案是B。'
A:salmonella B:respiratory C:pharmaceutical D:medicinal
A:False B:True
AI参考:答案B:True传导系统协调并保持正常的心跳节律，使血液正常循环，所以选B。这句话说的是：传导系统会协调你的心跳保持正常节律，并以此保证血液的正常循环。因此正确答案是True。A选项False与句子内容不符。'
A:Oxygen-rich blood, “red blood,” then enters the left side of the heart, composed of the left atrium and ventricle, and is pumped through the aorta to the body to supply tissues with nitrogen. B:Oxygen-rich blood, “red blood,” then enters the left side of the heart, composing of the left atrium and ventricle, and is pumped through the aorta to the body to supply tissues with nitrogen. C:Oxygen-rich blood, “red blood,” then enters the left side of the heart, composed of the left atrium and ventricle, and is pumped through the aorta to the body to supply tissues with oxygen. D:Oxygen-rich blood, “red blood,” then enters the left side of the heart, composed of the left atrium and ventricle, and is pumped through the central vein to the body to supply tissues with oxygen.
AI参考:正确答案是C：Oxygen-rich blood, “red blood,” then enters the left side of the heart, composed of the left atrium and ventricle, and is pumped through the aorta to the body to supply tissues with oxygen。选项C描述了富氧血液“红血”进入心脏左侧（由左心房和左心室组成），并通过主动脉泵送至全身，为组织提供氧气的过程，与题目描述相符。选项A和D中的氮气描述与题目不符，选项B中的“central vein”在心脏中不存在。因此，选项C是正确答案。'
A:tentative B:pharmaceutical C:autoimmune D:ophthalmology
AI参考:正确答案是C: autoimmune。原文中提到CAR T细胞免疫治疗在未知疾病中的前景，通过分析，发现这个选项与原文最为接近，因此正确答案是C，即autoimmune（自身免疫性疾病）。其他选项与原文内容不符。'
A:hyper- B:mamm(o)- C:pneum(o)- D:colon(o)-
A:False B:True
AI参考:答案是B：True。根据题干中的描述，使用多柔比星或西罗莫司单独或联合治疗后的p21和p27水平增加，相比未经治疗的对照组，这是正确的陈述，因此答案为B：True。'
A:immunodeficiency B:pathogen C:predecessor D:accountability
AI参考:正确答案是B:pathogen。pathogen是任何可以引起疾病的微小生物，如病毒或细菌。选项A的“immunodeficiency”意为免疫缺陷，与疾病无关；选项C的“predecessor”意为前身，也不符合题意；选项D的“accountability”意为责任，也与疾病无关。因此，B选项“pathogen”是正确答案。'
A:False B:True
A:node B:gland C:organ D:tumor
AI参考:正确答案是D：tumor。肿瘤是一种生物体的不正常增生组织，常见于人体各部位。根据题目描述，你的身体上有一个小块，它应该是组织不正常增生导致的，所以选项D“tumor”最符合题意。选项A“node”通常指淋巴结，选项B“gland”指腺体，选项C“organ”指器官，这些选项都不符合题意。因此，答案为D。'
A:False B:True
AI参考:正确答案是B：True。根据题目中的描述，方法部分需要详细描述研究设计和程序（为解决研究问题而采取的步骤），并且伦理考虑通常也包括在方法部分中。在医学期刊文章中，应该提供足够的材料和方法细节，以便其他科学家可以重复和验证研究结果。因此，选项B“True”是正确的。选项A“False”与此不符。'
A:ethicist B:oncologist C:clinician D:physiologist
AI参考:正确答案是B:oncologist。oncologist意为肿瘤专家，故选B。其他选项的意思分别为：A.ethicist意为伦理学家；C.clinician意为临床医师；D.physiologist意为生理学家。根据题意，治疗肿瘤的专家应选B。'
A:pandemic B:exacerbate C:atherosclerosis D:inequality
AI参考:答案为 B：exacerbate 室外车辆尾气的污染已被证实可以加剧过敏个体中哮喘的发生，然而呆在室内似乎无法提供太多的缓解。A：流行的、C：动脉硬化D：不平等均与句子意思不符，所以答案是B。exacerbate：加剧、恶化，使得更加严重的意思，所以选项B“exacerbate”为正确答案。这句话的意思是室外车辆尾气的污染已经被证明会使得敏感人群中哮喘的发作变得更加严重，但即使呆在室内也无法提供太多缓解的效果。故本题选B为正确答案。'
A:mitigate B:disseminate C:metastasize D:aggravate
AI参考:正确答案是A：mitigate。本题考查动词辨析。句意：可以皮下注射吗啡来缓解疼痛。mitigate减轻，缓解；disseminate传播；metastasize转移；aggravate加剧。根据句意可知，故选A。'
A:dispel B:relegate C:prevalence D:mortality
A:which enhances wellness in general and thus reduces the likely of disease, disability and premature death in a nonspecific manner B:which fosters wellness in general and thus reduces the likelihood of disease, disability and premature death in a nonspecific manner C:which promotes wellness in general and thus reduces the likelihood of disease, disability and premature death in a specific manner D:which fosters wellness in general and thus reducing the likelihood of disease, disable and premature death in a nonspecific manner
A:An initial topic may not be the topic you end up writing about. B:Choose a topic that really intrigues you. C:Avoid a topic that has very limited relevant source material. D:Broaden a topic to an unmanageable extent.
AI参考:在选择主题时，选项D是不正确的指导方针。选项D提到了将主题扩大到无法管理的程度，这可能会导致写作过程中出现困难和延误。因此，在选择主题时，应该注意主题的范围是否合适，并且需要确保主题是有意义的、相关的并且能够得到适当的资源支持。其他选项都是正确的指导方针：A选项指出最初的主题是可能不是最终要写的内容；B选项建议选择真正吸引你的主题；C选项建议避免选择有非常有限的相关资源主题。'
A:obey B:promise C:abide D:compliance
AI参考:正确选项是A: obey。解释：根据题目中的描述，该词组的意思是指一种倾向，即轻易地服从或顺从他人。而选项中只有“obey”符合这个意思，它表示遵从、服从、遵守的意思。其他选项中的“promise”表示承诺，“abide”表示忍受或遵守规则，“compliance”表示遵从或顺从。因此，只有“obey”符合题目中的描述。'
A:percutaneous B:dialysis C:variance D:ventilation
AI参考:正确答案是C:variance。variance表示预期与实际发生之间的差异，其他选项的意思与题意不符。因此，答案为C。'
A:neuroanatomic B:neurophysiological C:anesthesia D:nausea
AI参考:正确答案是B:neurophysiological。选项A“neuroanatomic”涉及神经系统的解剖学研究；选项B“neurophysiological”涉及神经系统的生理学研究；选项C“anesthesia”与麻醉有关；选项D“nausea”是呕吐的感觉。只有选项B与神经系统的功能研究有关。因此，正确答案是B。'
A:True B:False
AI参考:答案是A：True。根据题目中的描述，现在通过Altieri及其同事在JCI本期杂志上发表的一篇论文，解决了关于这一点在体内数据存在的争议。因此，选项A“True”是正确答案。'
A:the presence of B:be justified by C:beyond the reach of D:strays too far
A:intra- B:All of the above C:endo- D:en-
AI参考:正确答案是A：intra-。intra-表示“内部的，在…之内”，所以选项A是正确答案。B、C、D选项都与intra-的意思不符。'
A:False B:True
AI参考:正确答案是B：True。糖尿病是一种代谢紊乱疾病，由胰腺不能产生足够的胰岛素或身体不能正确使用胰岛素引起。因此，选项B是正确的。选项A是错误的，因为糖尿病是一种疾病，而没有错误的陈述。'
A:anti- B:vasucl/o C:angi/o D:Both A and C
AI参考:正确答案是B：vasucl/o。选项中只有B是表示“血管”的意思，其他选项A表示“抗”，C表示“血管生长”，都与“血管”的意思不符。因此，答案为B。'
A:tuberculosis B:malaria C:plague D:cholera
A:False B:True
A:True B:False
AI参考:“讨论/评论部分似乎是最难写的部分，因为需要解释结果而不是总结它们。需要将你的研究结果与现有研究结果联系起来。换句话说，回顾文献综述中提到的先前的研究，看看你的发现是否与他们的发现一致。最终，你应该论证你的发现如何能够或不能阐明焦点问题。”根据这段描述，讨论/评论部分确实需要解释和对比研究结果，并论证其与主题的关系，所以答案是A：True。'
A:take into account B:necessitate C:Construct D:elucidate
AI参考:正确答案是A:take into account。这句话的意思是：健康教育需要考虑到不同的概念，并认识到不同的医学传统和当地的治疗方式。take into account考虑到，符合句意。故选A。'
A:acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) B:acquiring immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) C:acquire immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) D:acquired immundeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
AI参考:正确选项是D:acquired immundeficiency syndrome (AIDS)。句子中提到了“流行病”这个关键词，所以选项中应该包含“acquired”这个词，表示“后天获得的”，而不是“acquiring”或“acquire”。因此，选项D中的“acquired immundeficiency syndrome (AIDS)”符合句意。其他选项中的语法和拼写错误都与句子不符。'
A:practitioner C .syndrome B:hypothesis C:generic
AI参考:在特定的职业中工作的人，尤其是医生和律师这样的人可以被称作为一个（）。在这三个选项中，“practitioner”指职业执行者，医生或律师。“hypothesis”是指假说或猜想。“generic”一词在这个上下文中可能不适用，因为它更多的是关于种类或者特性的意思。所以正确答案是选项A“practitioner”。'
A:a muscle having two heads B:two heads C:two meanings D:two sides
A:It’s not that I don’t want to hear what she has to say, but the sensation that I’m juggling so many thoughts, and need to resolve them all before the clock runs down, that keeps me in moderate state of panic. B:It’s not I don’t want to hear what she has to say, but the sensation that I’m juggling so many thoughts, and need to resolve them all before the clock runs down, keeps me in moderate state of panic. C:It’s not that I don’t want to hear she has to say, but the sensation that I’m juggling so many thoughts, and need to resolve them all before the clock runs down, that keeps me in moderate state of panic. D:It’s not that I don’t want to hear what she has to say, but the sensation that I’m juggling so many thoughts, and need to resolve them all before the clock run down, that keeps me in moderate state of panic.
AI参考:正确选项是 A。该句的意思是“不是我不想听她说什么，而是我在处理这么多的想法，需要在时间流逝之前解决它们，这种感觉让我处于中度恐慌状态。”句子中使用了“it’s not...but...”的结构，表示转折关系，强调了句子的重点部分，即作者不是不想听她说什么，而是由于处理想法太多而感到恐慌。同时，句子中的“the sensation that...keeps me in moderate state of panic”也是一个重要的表达，描述了作者内心的感受和状态。因此，选项A的表述最符合句子的意思和语境。'
A:an- B:dys- C:mal- D:Both B and C
AI参考:正确答案是D，B和C的意思都是“不好”。选项B中的“dys-”通常表示“不良的，有缺陷的”，如dyslexia（诵读困难症）；选项C中的“mal-”通常表示“坏的，恶的”，如malnutrition（营养不良）。因此，选项B和C都表示“不好”的意思。所以，根据题意，正确答案是D，即B和C。'
A:Malaria B:Malnutrition C:Obesity D:Sanitary
AI参考:单选题答案：A:Malaria推理过程：题目中描述的是严重急性在五岁以下儿童中的氧化应激、线粒体功能障碍和过早老化的现象，选项中只有疟疾（A）符合这个描述。营养不良（B）和卫生条件（D）通常不会导致氧化应激和过早老化，而肥胖（C）虽然与健康有关，但与题目描述的严重急性情况不符。因此，正确答案是A。'
A:对 B:错
AI参考:答案是B：错。根据问题中的描述，一个常见的定义是健康寿命（healthspan）是一个可量化的表型，指的是在健康状态下度过的时间，不受衰老过程中的慢性疾病和残疾的影响。然而，这个定义并不是一个普遍认可的定义，因此选项B是错误的。'
A:错 B:对
AI参考:正确答案是B：对。根据题干中的描述，一个好的医生通常需要具备一些特定的品质，如无动力、成熟、富有同情心、组织性强、适应性高、压力下恢复能力强、有高度的诚信和强大的领导力，以及善于倾听和沟通。因此，整个句子表达了一个积极的观点，即一个好的医生应该具备这些品质。所以答案是B，即这个说法是正确的。'
A:错 B:对
AI参考:正确答案是B:对。根据问题描述，开发一个强有力的开场对于一个成功的演讲至关重要。有效的介绍能够吸引听众的兴趣并帮助他们集中注意力。通常，介绍可以包括以下部分：欢迎听众、介绍自己（姓名和职位）、给出演讲的主题等。因此，选项B“对”是正确的答案。'
A:错 B:对
AI参考:正确答案是B：对。在1型糖尿病中，身体要么不产生足够的胰岛素，要么细胞忽视胰岛素的作用。因此，这个判断题的答案是B，即正确。'
A:对 B:错
AI参考:答案是B：错。根据题干中的描述，现在对病毒糖蛋白如何介导进入宿主细胞的机制的这种详细知识可以应用于以前不能被这种治疗方法所影响的病原体。这意味着这种知识可能不再适用，因为以前不能被治疗的病原体现在可能已经变得可以治疗了。因此，该句描述是错误的。'
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