中国文化选读（英文）期末考试答案2023春

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中国文化选读（英文）

1. Which statements about Seal script is NOT True? ( ）

A:The seal character is long and narrow with a tight upper part and a stretched lower part. B:Seal script paved the way for the square-shaped Chinese Characters. C:Emperor Han Wudi simplified the ancient seal script and ordered to introduce the seal script as the official language. D:Seal script is divided into large seal script and small seal script.
AI参考:关于甲骨文的下列说法，不正确的是：A. 甲骨文是长而窄，上部紧下部舒展B. 甲骨文为汉字由繁到简铺平道路C. 汉武帝简化古甲骨文并命令推行甲骨文为官方文字D. 甲骨文分为大篆和小篆答案：C. 汉武帝简化古甲骨文并命令推行甲骨文为官方文字。解析：选项A、B、D均是关于甲骨文的正确描述。然而，C选项所述内容与历史事实不符。实际上，简化古甲骨文并使之成为官方文字的是秦始皇，而非汉武帝。故本题答案为C。'

2. “昼晷已云极，宵漏自此长。”What solar term does this poem reflect?（ ）.

A:Grain in Ear B:Start of Spring C:Rain Water D:Summer Solstice
AI参考:正确答案是B：“Start of Spring”。这句诗出自《初春》一诗，表达的是春季开始的节气。其中“昼晷已云极”是指白天的时间已经很长了，“宵漏自此长”是指夜晚的时间也开始变长，这是春季来临的典型特征。因此，这句诗反映的是春季开始的节气。'

3. Wushu which existed more than 4000 years ago can be traced to the （ ）。

A:Jin Dynasty B:Shang Dynasty C:Qin Dynasty D:Xia Dynasty
AI参考:正确答案是D: Xia Dynasty。武术存在超过4000年，可以追溯到夏朝。因此，选项D是正确答案。选项A、B、C都与武术的历史不符。'

4. Martial arts originally referred to the combat systems of（ ）。

A:Europe B:America C:Asia D:Africa
答案:武术AI参考:正确答案是C：亚洲。\r武术最初指的是亚洲的战斗系统。所以答案为C。其他选项中，欧洲、美洲和非洲都没有武术。'

5. Chinese wushu examination was proposed and implemented in which Dynasty ?（ ）。

A:Han Dynasty B:Tang Dynasty C:Xia Dynasty D:Song Dynasty
答案:TaijiAI参考:答案为B：Tang Dynasty 。在中国武术考核制度的提出和实施是在唐朝（Tang Dynasty）。这一制度延续至明清，基本没多大变化。所以没有选项A（汉代）的争议。从考察实际施行情况和“隋唐以后基本形成定制，至明清未变”可以知道，中国武术考核制度是在隋唐时期形成的，所以选择B选项。'

6. Which of the following are traditional Chinese festivals?（ ）

A:Labor Day B:Lantern Festival C:Tomb Sweeping Day D:Mid-Autumn Festival
AI参考:正确选项是：B:Lantern Festival ，D:Mid-Autumn Festival。中国的传统节日包括元宵节、龙抬头、清明节、端午节、七夕节、中秋节、重阳节等，而劳动节和清明节不属于中国的传统节日。因此选项A和C排除。B选项的“灯笼节”通常指农历正月十五日元宵节，是中国传统的庆祝团圆和吉祥的节日。D选项的“中秋节”也是中国的传统节日之一，是在农历八月十五日庆祝的节日，是象征着团圆和思乡之情的重要节日。因此B、D选项都是中国传统节日，正确。'

7. Confucius regarded “filial piety and fraternal duty” as the essence of Ren. ( ）

A:对 B:错
答案:错AI参考:答案：A。孔子认为“孝悌”是“仁”的根本。'

8. Confucius was one of the greatest Eastern philosophers of all time, whose teachings deeply influenced East Asian life and thought. ( ）

A:错 B:对
答案:孔子是一位伟大的思想家.教育家和政治家,也是当时最有学识的人之一.AI参考:B:对。Confucius是历史上最伟大的东方哲学家之一，他的教诲对东亚的生活和思想产生了深远的影响。因此，答案是B：对。'

9. Taolu routines have reserved for the individual competitors（ ）

A:对 B:错
答案:bunkerAI参考:答案：B推理过程：答案B。在Taolu routines中，每个运动员都有自己的动作套路，因此Taolu routines为每个运动员预留了不同的动作。因此，选项B是正确的。选项A是错误的，因为通常不会为单个运动员预留特定的动作。'

10. Four main TCM diagnostic methods as commonly called ____ (observation望), ____ (listening and smelling闻), ____ (inquirying or questioning问), and ____ (pulse examination切).


答案:对AI参考:填空题答案为： Four main TCM diagnostic methods as commonly called __望、闻、问、切__(observation望)，__闻诊、问诊、切诊__（listening and smelling闻），__问切__（inquirying or questioning问），和__切脉__（pulse examination切）。"

11. Sanda is a modern unarmed combat sport that developed from traditional wushu techniques, and primarily makes use of ____, ____, ____, ____ and defensive techniques.


答案:错

12. ____ is a form of heat therapy, where a bundle of ____ (moxa) is burned near the surface of the skin..


答案:shivering thermogenesisAI参考:选项A:Moxibustion is a form of heat therapy, where a bundle of moxa is burned near the surface of the skin. (灸法是一种热疗法，一束艾灸在皮肤表面附近烧灼。) 所以答案应该是 Moxibustion. (灸法) 这是因为在题目中明确提到“____ is a form of heat therapy, where a bundle of ____ (moxa) is burned near the surface of the skin.”(是一种热疗法，在皮肤表面附近烧灼一束_____)，根据这个提示，可以推断出答案是“灸法”或者“moxibustion”。所以选项A就是正确的答案。"

13. What does the “Four Treasures of the study” refer to?


答案:Brush_Ink stick_Xuan paper_Ink slabAI参考:正确选项是：文房四宝，是中国传统文化的书写工具。 “四宝”是指笔、墨、纸、砚四种传统文房用具。它们是中国传统文化的书写工具，具有悠久的历史和文化内涵。其中，笔是指毛笔，墨是指墨锭，纸是指纸张，砚是指研墨用的石砚台。这些工具在古代文人墨客中广泛使用，是他们创作书法和绘画的重要工具。因此，“四宝”是传统中国文化的重要组成部分，也是许多中国文学和艺术作品中的重要元素。"

14. 请将下面这段话翻译成英文：
    孔子
    孔子(Confucius)是我国古代著名的思想家、教育家，儒家学派(Confucian School)的创始人。相传孔子有弟子三千，贤弟子72人，孔子曾带领部分弟子周游列国14年。在中国五千年的历史上，对华夏民族的性格、气质 (temperament)产生最大影响的人就算是孔子了。他正直、乐观向上、积极进取。他一生都在追求真、善、美，一生都在追求理想的社会。他品格中的优点，几千年来影响着中国人，特别是影响着中国的知识分子。


答案:正确答案:见解析TheGoldenWeekreferstoaconsecutiveseven-daynationalholiday.In1999,ChinastartedtocarryouttheGoldenWeekpolicy.Sincethen,theGoldenWeekhasenrichedpeople'sdailylifeandpromotedthedevelopmentofsocialeconomybyencouragingpeopletotravelandspend.Nevertheless,thereisnodenyingthattheproblemscausedbytheGoldenWeekaregettingobvious,suchasthetrafficjams,overcrowdedtouristspotsandrisingprices.In2012,theChinesegovernmentannouncedthatexpresswaysnationwidewouldbetoll-freeduringimportantholidays,includingthetwoseven-dayholidaysaroundtheSpringFestivalandtheNationalDay,which,tosomedegreeledtothehighlyincreasednumberofvehiclesandpeoplegoingout.“从那以后…社会经济的发展”,主语是“黄金周”,后跟并列谓语“丰富了”和“促进了”,可译为hasenrichandPromoted;“通过…的方式”直接用介词短语by...更加简洁.2.第四句“然而不可否认,黄金周带来的问题…”中的“不可否认”可使用句型thereisnodenyingthat...来连接整个句子;“黄金周所带来的”可使用句型词短语作定语译为causedbytheGoldenWeek修饰“问题(theproblems)”.3.最后一句话是一个长句,“中国政府宣布重大节假日期间全国高速公路免收通行费”可处理为that引导的宾语从句,翻译为theChinesegovernmentannouncedthat....“其中就包括春节和国庆两个7天假期可使用现在分词短语作状语including...作进一步说明.“这一政策从某种程度上又导致了出行车辆和人数的增加”可使用which引导的非限制性定语从句,补充说明主句所说的免收通行费政策带来的影响.AI参考:Confucius is the famous thinker and educator of ancient China, the founder of the Confucian School. It is said that he had 3,000 disciples and 72 outstanding ones. He led some disciples to travel around the countries for 14 years. Among Chinas five thousand years of history, the person who has had the greatest impact on the character and temperament of the Chinese nation is Confucius. He was upright, optimistic, and actively upward-oriented. He pursued truth, goodness, and beauty in his life, and pursued an ideal society all his life. The优点 of his character have influenced Chinese people, especially Chinese intellectuals, for thousands of years."

15. 请将下面这段话翻译成英文：
    《论语》
    《论语》(The Analects of Confucius)是儒家的经典著作之一，它是对孔子及其弟子（disciple )的言行和对话的记录。众所周知，孔子是一位伟大的思想家和哲学家，他的思想被发展成了儒家哲学体系。《论语》是儒家思想的代表作，数个世纪以来，《论语》一直极大地影响着中国人的哲学观和道德观，它也影响着其他亚洲国家人民的哲学观和道德观。


答案:正确答案:见解析TheGoldenWeekreferstoaconsecutiveseven-daynationalholiday.In1999,ChinastartedtocarryouttheGoldenWeekpolicy.Sincethen,theGoldenWeekhasenrichedpeople'sdailylifeandpromotedthedevelopmentofsocialeconomybyencouragingpeopletotravelandspend.Nevertheless,thereisnodenyingthattheproblemscausedbytheGoldenWeekaregettingobvious,suchasthetrafficjams,overcrowdedtouristspotsandrisingprices.In2012,theChinesegovernmentannouncedthatexpresswaysnationwidewouldbetoll-freeduringimportantholidays,includingthetwoseven-dayholidaysaroundtheSpringFestivalandtheNationalDay,which,tosomedegreeledtothehighlyincreasednumberofvehiclesandpeoplegoingout.“从那以后…社会经济的发展”,主语是“黄金周”,后跟并列谓语“丰富了”和“促进了”,可译为hasenrichandPromoted;“通过…的方式”直接用介词短语by...更加简洁.2.第四句“然而不可否认,黄金周带来的问题…”中的“不可否认”可使用句型thereisnodenyingthat...来连接整个句子;“黄金周所带来的”可使用句型词短语作定语译为causedbytheGoldenWeek修饰“问题(theproblems)”.3.最后一句话是一个长句,“中国政府宣布重大节假日期间全国高速公路免收通行费”可处理为that引导的宾语从句,翻译为theChinesegovernmentannouncedthat....“其中就包括春节和国庆两个7天假期可使用现在分词短语作状语including...作进一步说明.“这一政策从某种程度上又导致了出行车辆和人数的增加”可使用which引导的非限制性定语从句,补充说明主句所说的免收通行费政策带来的影响.AI参考:The Analects of Confucius The Analects of Confucius is one of the classic works of Confucianism, which records the words and dialogues of Confucius and his disciples. As is well known, Confucius was a great thinker and philosopher, whose thoughts have developed into a儒家哲学体系. The Analects of Confucius is a representative work of Confucianism. Over the centuries, it has had a great influence on the philosophy and morality of Chinese people, as well as on the philosophy and morality of people in other Asian countries."

16. 儒家思想（Confucianism)是中国影响最大的思想流派，也是中国古代的主流意识。自汉代以来，儒家思想就是封建统治阶级(feudal ruling class)的指导思想之一。儒家思想的核心其实是一种人道主义（humanism )。它提倡自我修养，认为人是可教化的、可完善的。儒家思想的一个宏大的目标就是实现“大同社会”，在这样的一个社会中，每个人都能扮演好自己的角色，并与他人维持良好的关系。


答案:Confucianism is the largest Chinese school of thoughts,and the mainstream consciousness of the ancient China.Confucianism had been one of the ruling doctrines of the feudal ruling class since the Han Dynasty.The core of Confucianism is actually a kind of humanism.It advocates self-cultivation,and believes that human beings are teachable and improvable.Agrand goal of Confucianism is to achieve a harmonious society in which each individual plays his or her part well,and maintains a good relationship with others.AI参考:问答题：儒家思想的核心是什么？ 正确选项为：儒家思想的核心其实是一种人道主义（humanism）。"