湖南大学
- Several primate species show cultural differences.
- Human vocal tract can produce only limited different sounds.
- In some languages there is no generic words for "tree".
- Gesturing may reflect or even facilitate the thinking for speaking.
- Lexical gender refers to the lexical marking of nouns as female or male specific.
- In all languages time is conceptualized to move on a horizontal axis.
- Only English requires tense on verbs.
- Relational cultures tend to place emphasis more on group identities and social cohesion.
- Language is an essential cognitive tool in building the world we live in, including our social and cultural institutions.
- Head shake means “no”, but head nodding means “yes” in Arabic cultures.
- “ok” gesture means “Good, Approval or Support” in Japan.
- English conceptualizations of politeness tend to be broader than those of the Greeks.
- Negative face refers to the desire not to be imposed upon, intruded, or otherwise put upon by others.
- Tannen argues that in general these theories have approached gender in essentialist ways.
- It is easy to predict the gender in the personification of art works from the gender of the artist’s native language.
- Language is just a means for communicating about the world as it is.
- Men interrupt women more than vice versa.
- Doing gestures is said to consolidate memories more than just seeing gestures.
- There is only one way for us to construe a single event.
- In the Affiliative model, language is mainly a way of “getting things done”.
- Our speech organs include:
- Other linguists think that EVERYTHING that accompanies speech in communication – _______ – is part of language.
- Rules about ____ are always part of religious beliefs.
- Language helps us ____ events.
- Negative politeness strategies include:
- In communication, the typical masculine traits are _____.
- “ok” gesture means ___ in Belguim.
- SPEECH ACTS are particular uses of language to achieve specific goals. For example:_________.
- Poynton (1989) noted that women tend to ___.
- Men speak and hear a language of ____ and ____.
- In languages like ____, all nouns are of particular grammatical gender.
- People also communicate by means of FACIAL EXPRESSIONS, which communicate something about the person’s _________ towards what is being communicated, and the person they are communicating with.
- Cultural Models are METAPHORICAL in nature, as when we speak of someone ________.
- Critical Period is a hypothesis that there is a time window during which language acquisition is ___.
- Goals of intercultural understanding are ________.
- Gestures can ____.
- Such signals as ____ released by the speaker are very important for the listener to provide multimodal collaborative completions.
- The way language is used ____ culture.
- Which factors make you use more linguistic politeness?
- The four dimensions of gestures are ______.
- ____ gestures while learning L2 new words or grammars can lead to the best learning outcomes.
- Gesture, facial expression and posture are all part of what is often called ________.
- When performing a face-threatening act, which of the following forms is the most linguistically impolite?
- According to Usage-based view, other cognitive skills and social behaviors are acquired ____ language is acquired.
- The heavier the imposition in the particular culture, the ____ linguistic politeness you should use.
- Women may use ____ and examples to explain things with clarity.
- In a language like ___ that goes right to left, you orgnise time from right to left.
- For the reasons that language is a tool for thought and communication, human beings have been called ______.
- Babies that are up to 8 months are called linguisitc citizens of the world because they ___ all kinds of different sounds they hear.
- Embodied resources ____ reflect L2 learners’ cognition when speaking in or about the target language, allowing them to think and communicate more effectively.
- The kinds of things that kids say are ___ the things that they hear.
- Parameters in Universal Grammar is described as a set of ___ that have already existed in your mind.
- Emprical studies in recent years that investigated the Poverty of the Stimulus Argument show that it is ___ to learn language from the input you hear.
- ____ uncovered the role of language in constructing and enforcing a manmade worldview and sustaining men’s domination and women’s subordination.
- According to ____, women’s language is ineffective in comparison to men’s, and reflects their socially inferior position
- If we think about how people COMMUNICATE with one another, the first thing that comes to mind is _______.
- Conversation is a(n) ____ activity.
- ____ is the most natural and basic forms of language use.
- “ok” gesture means ____ in France.
- Men normally ask questions to ____.
A:对 B:错
答案:对
A:对 B:错
答案:错
A:对 B:错
答案:A: 对
A:对 B:错
答案:对
A:错 B:对
答案:对
A:对 B:错
答案:错
A:错 B:对
答案:B
A:对 B:错
答案:对
A:错 B:对
答案:对
A:对 B:错
A:错 B:对
A:对 B:错
A:错 B:对
A:错 B:对
A:错 B:对
A:对 B:错
A:错 B:对
A:错 B:对
A:对 B:错
A:对 B:错
A:tongue B:larynx C:jaw D:lips
A:intonation B:gesture C:posture D:loudness
A:diet B:dressing C:sexual behavior D:communiciating vocally
A:construe B:experience C:construct D:forget
A:using hedges B:apologising for face-threatening behavior C:sharing experiences and concerns D:indicating deference
A:independence B:aggressiveness C:harshness D:domination
A:Approval B:Zero C:Worthless D:Good
A:MAKING A REQUEST – the speaker is trying to get the listener to do something B:ASKING A QUESTION – the speaker is trying to get information from the listener C:GIVING AN ORDER – the speaker is trying to make the speaker do something
A:use tag questions B:use euphemisms C:use more intensifiers D:use more adjectives
A:connection B:independence C:status D:intimacy
A:English B:Spanish C:French D:German
A:postures B:attitude C:emotions D:gestures
A:being “Heart-headed” B:having a “Broken Heart” C:doing an interesting thing
A:impossible B:difficult C:automatic D:easy
A:having the goal of succesful communication. B:promoting real understanding of the cultural worlds lived in by others. C:trying to avoid or minimize opportunities for misunderstanding. D:increasing intercultural understanding.
A:reduce cognitive load B:facilitate lexical retrieval C:package information for speaking D:do nothing
A:gaze withdrawal B:pause C:gesture D:facial expression
A:creates B:destroys C:reflects
A:a greater relative power of hearer over speaker B:a shorter social distance between the interlocutors C:a higher weight of the imposition
A:deixix B:temporal highlighting C:metaphoricity D:iconicity
A:watching B:doing C:no D:seeing
A:body language B:written language C:oral language
A:do the act on record with negative politeness redress B:do the act on record with positive politeness C:do the act baldly without redress
A:at the same time B:in the same way C:in a different way D:after
A:less B:same C:more
A:experience B:stories C:jargons D:idioms
A:Italian B:French C:Hebrew Arabic D:Japanese
A:symbolic species B:imaginative species C:creative species
A:distinguish between B:do not understand C:respond to D:understand
A:visually B:kinetically C:aurally D:orally
A:remarkably similar to B:as complicated as C:less complicated than D:different from
A:mechanisms B:devices C:switches D:neurons
A:impossible B:uesless C:possible D:difficult
A:Crawford B:Spender C:Lakoff D:Tannen
A:cultural theory B:deficit theory C:dominance theory D:difference theory
A:language B:identity C:culture
A:joint B:monomodal C:separate D:difficult
A:Dialogue B:Singing C:Writing D:Listening
A:the evil eye B:approval C:zero D:money
A:show interest B:solve a problem C:strengthen relationship D:collect information
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