- Don’t think you are pathological or inadequate if you experience some culture shock.
- Control of the schedule often leads to control of the negotiating agenda.
- An individual’s cognitive structure consists of many values, which are arranged into a hierarchical order.
- In high masculinity societies, people tend to believe that matters of material comfort, social privilege, etc. are related to ability.
- The Germans prefer a firm handshake, which is seen as a symbol of strength and character.
- Language holds us together as groups and differentiates us into groups.
- In feminine societies, men and women are considered socially unequal.
- Almost like a disease, culture shock has a cause, symptoms, and a cure.
- According to the degree and scope with which people share their way of life, we can identify different cultural forms, such as dominant culture and subcultures or co-cultures.
- Culture shock is an unfortunate side effect of going abroad.
- People’s feelings change as they experience different stages of culture shock.
- Collective communication is mostly low context.
- When people smile in some culture, it doesn’t always mean they are pleased.
- A simple eye gesture might be interpreted in a diversity of meanings across cultures.
- It is rude to season without tasting and this may actually reflect negatively on your character by implying that you are prone to making hasty decisions before checking out the facts.
- Culture shock can be alleviated, minimized, even removed.
- Verbal communication can express all kinds of ideas we want to express.
- First names are used almost immediately by people from Germany.
- In China, if you put your palms together, everybody knows it’s a cue of praying for good fortunes.
- The easier it is to adjust to a new culture, the easier it is to readjust to home culture.
- Verbal communication can be clearer and more efficient than other ways.
- Culture influences marketing and marketing influences culture.
- The similar expressions may occur in everyone, but the meanings people attach to them differ from culture to culture.
- Language and culture are closely related to each other.
- The essential actions taken by managers and staff happen almost entirely through verbal communication.
- The language must be able to describe all the functions within the culture in order for ideas to be transmitted from one person to another.
- Those not living inside the culture can often see a corporate culture more clearly and objectively.
- The British are less demonstrative than many other nationalities and a reserved manner is expected.
- Corporate culture is equal to organizational culture.
- Use exclusive language but not inclusive language in negotiating process.
- At the negotiation table, the price is always at a core and have to be negotiated before being accepted.
- When you don’t speak, you still speak. Over 70% of communication takes place nonverbally.
- To open your American client’s gift immediately upon receiving it as a sign ofinterest and appreciation.
- Making call is a natural way of oral communication without any cultural consideration.
- No culture exists exclusively at either extreme.
- Coco-Cola’s “Diet” which was renamed as “Light” in Europe is a classic example for standardization.
- Nonverbal messages are generally grouped into two categories: body behaviors and uses of the spatial or temporal setting by speakers.
- Human beings are the “culture bearing animals” because they have the capacity for symbolic communication.
- Postures with two arms up in the air give people an impression of arrogance.
- Knowing how to exchange business cards can help you leave a good and deep impression on the business people you are meeting.
- Where uncertainty avoidance is low, the society is comfortable with a low degree of uncertainty and is open to the unknown.
- In low-context cultures, people judge what someone is talking about not only by what he is saying but also by the context in which the message occurs.
- People have to learn the cultural ways of their community to satisfy their basic human needs.
- Verbal communication is at the core of what most of us do.
- Cultural factors often play a crucial part in the performance of international businesses. Such factors should be kept in mind by those who are responsible for international business management.
- Your handshake should be relaxed but not firm.
- As a member of the global village, we need to have a better understanding of the worldview and the communication style of other cultures.
- Individualists prefer self-sufficiency while collectivists give more recognition to their interdependent roles and obligations to the group.
- Universal values are values common to all people.
- Some people may have a feeling of helplessness, dependence, loneliness, or boredom in a different cultural environment.
- The guest team has the same degree of control as the host team when negotiating.
- We can approach the complex, ill-defined nature of culture by working with metaphors.
- Negotiations are believed to take place within the context of the four Cs: common interest, conflicting interests, compromise, and criteria.
- German businessmen have serious principles about interpersonal relationship and they focus on personal credit.
- Individualist communication is mostly low context.
- Eye looking sideways can show one’s coldness and superciliousness. It is impolite to move your head side to side while you are communicating with people, e.g. in India or Pakistan.
- In highly industrialized countries, such as the United States, trust is not established very quickly.
- Some multi-national companies and some governments have very strict policies regarding their employees accepting gifts.
- Baby’s crying is not a kind of communication.
- Shaking hands is an expression of mutual trust and respect, and it is a way to send greetings in business situation.
- Crowding is the uncomfortable feeling most people get when their personal space is limited or invaded.
- We are born with our cultural characteristics.
- How closely people position themselves to one another during a discussion or talk cannot communicate what type of relationship exists between them.
- Leaders can be experts on every culture, so they can actively establish collaboration among members.
- The space between the sender and the receiver of a message influences the way the message is interpreted.
- In Asia, foreign negotiators complain why they do too much sightseeing and not enough negotiating.
- In Chinese culture red color is a symbol used for driving out evils or misfortune.
- A well-intentioned gift might always be successful among people of different cultures.
- Most parts of culture are visible, only 10 percent of culture is invisible.
- Customs of some cultures are wrong.
- In Europe and North America, business cards are far less formalized and are used merely to keep track of who’s who during a hectic meeting schedule.
- During in a Japanese home requires sitting in a kneeling position on a tatami mat.
- Asian, Latin American, and West African nations are societies high in individualism but low in collectivism.
- Defense mechanisms against culture shock prevent us from making necessary adjustments to the new culture.
- If necessary, you can write on someone’s business card.
- In cooperative and order-oriented cultural environments, individuals may be less inclined to make sacrifices that threaten their quality of life.
- The function of culture helps employees understand why the organization does what it does and how it intends to accomplish its long-term goals.
- Children begin learning about their own culture when they are growing up.
- Generally speaking, a majority of negotiators preferred specific agreements to general agreements.
- Cultural sensitivity, or cultural empathy, is an awareness and honest caring about other individual’s culture.
- People communicate through what they wear, their hairstyle, and the polish of their shoes and even the look of their fingernails.
- In high-context culture, that of North America, for example, a large portion of the message is left unspecified and accessed through the context.
- Do not rest the handle in the palm of the hand with the forefinger down the back of the handle when using a knife.
- Without common interests there is nothing to negotiate for, without conflicting issues nothing to negotiate about.
- A woman should always be introduced to a man because of the rule: Lady first.
- Cues are as much a part of culture as the language they speak or the beliefs they accept.
- A value can describe how we act in a culture, representing what is expected or hoped for.
- Before sending your business letter, you should check for errors, both on lexical level and content level.
- As long as you understand the correct protocol, etiquette can usually by adapted to doing gracefully and respectfully what needs to be done.
- Understanding values and their cultural basis is helpful for managers in international business.
- In Europe, people hold the fork in the left hand and the knife in the right hand throughout a meal.
- A successful global marketer must have the ability to think globally and act locally.
- Knowledge of protocol makes global business a game of chance.
- There’s no doubt that making phone calls is the most efficient and convenient way for them to send and receive information.
- Large power distance countries such as the United States, Austria, Finland, and Denmark hold that inequality in society should be minimized.
- Differences in food, dress, attitudes toward time etc. can cause many of our communications to be frustrating or even unsuccessful.
- Corporate culture just operates at conscious level.
- The longer new visitors stay, the less enigmatic the new country looks.
- Making certain concession on price at once when the buyer doesn’t accept the offer, otherwise you will lose positive opportunity.
- People in China believe that people live to work but the Japanese hold that work to live.
- An informal style negotiator tries to start the discussion on a first-name basis, quickly seeks to develop a personal, friendly relationship with the other team.
- Different cultures arrive at truth in negotiations in just one way: based on fact.
- The visitors will be getting used to a new environment, but this cannot distract them from their concentration on negotiating goals.
- Interacting within our own culture has been learned from birth and is quite natural for us.
- European negotiators try to build up a long-term relationship during the course of negotiating; they prefer personal contacts in an informal way.
- Cultures in most countries operate and behave in exactly the same manner.
- In bargaining process, that negotiators, as members of society, are led easily into attitudes of cultural bias.
- Major goal for negotiators in concession and agreement stage is to reach a most acceptable agreement for their own.
- Culture serves to create a general consensus on fundamental issues and facilitates decision-making during crises.
- Japanese negotiators tend to put more emphasis on the literal meanings of words used in negotiation and less emphasis on the relationships established before negotiating begins.
- The defense mechanisms we utilize are some ways of removing culture shock.
- Soon after arrival, you’d better not touch the immediate physical surroundings for the sake of safety.
- Some groups such as Chinese emphasis on direct and simple methods of communication.
- The duration and effects of culture shock are generally same for most people.
- Verbal communication also occurs when people write to each other.
- “Lady First” is a universal truth around the world.
- Negotiators from the United States are well known for their impatience.
- Negotiation takes place only between negotiators who are interested not only in taking but also in giving.
- When nonverbal behavior contradicts a verbal message, people tend to rely more on the verbal message because it happens at a more conscious level.
- You cannot tell the culture of an organization by looking at the arrangement of furniture, what they brag about, what their members wear etc.
- You might be a bore if you talk about your own interest at great length while your listeners do not have the least taste for it.
- Appropriate etiquette and protocol can set you apart from the competition as a world-savvy individual in a competitive global market.
- International marketing is defined as the strategic process of marketing among consumers whose culture differs from that of the marketer’s own culture at least in one of the fundamental cultural aspects.
- Lack of preparation and unsolved cultural problems will not make the performance lower.
- There are different rules governing spatial behavior in different cultures.
- People who speak different languages segment their world differently.
- In order to better understand culture, it is useful to examine its characteristics.
- Nonverbal behavior is significant because it spontaneously reflects the subconsciousness.
- Many signs are just the same in the new culture, such as when to shake hands and how to make purchases.
- The etiquette used to achieve the purpose of the protocol may differ from culture to culture, but the goal is the same.
- Intimate distance just shows the intimacy between the lovers.
- Try to be powerful when negotiating with your counterpart, do not frame your question with any explanatory language.
- There are many kinds of symptoms of culture shock.
- In big companies like IBM, which have a unitary worldwide image and relatively strong cultural integration, national cultural differences have no important impact.
- Successful negotiation means one side gains everything without giving up anything.
- In a global organization, leadership needs to be directed toward enabling building teamwork through purposeful actions.
- The honeymoon stage is the final stage of culture shock.
- Words in general use usually acquire connotational meanings.
- In India, don’t offer a gift made from cowhide because the cow is sacred in Indian culture.
- Presenting a card with two hands conveys respect and appreciation of the importance of the ritual in most Asian cultures.
- Gift-giving is ingrained in Middle East and Japan.
- The British, like Americans, believe that looking someone directly in the eye is a mark of rudeness until a more intimate relationship is established.
- Going global causes one to focus more on the intricate details of business interactions.
- The first stage of culture shock can be called incubation stage too.
- The foregoing negotiation strategies need to be employed at practicable opportunities.
- When the person of highest rank traveling with subordinates on a visit to Saudi Arabia, he should better not show the distinction of his rank in all ways.
- Any cultural transaction can basically be divided into two communication systems: high-context and low-context.
- Customs, habits and preferences are in the visible part of the cultural iceberg.
- The major purpose of writing a business report is to convince others but not state the fact.
- In high masculinity societies, sex roles are clearly differentiated and men are dominant
- Your business card is a reflection of your business role in your company.
- A team leader who values formality and considers his qualities as the foundation for his credibility may disconnect with team members.
- After establishing the aim for negotiation, it is also advisable to make a practical negotiation plan.
- Social handshaking codes are relaxed in business situations where it is assumed that people meeting for the first time or after not seeing one another for a while will shake hands as a natural part of their greeting.
- Proper greetings can make you appear polite and sociable in intercultural business communication.
- In the United States, a businessman who is invited for dinner to the private home of a business contact is expected to write a thank-you note shortly after the event.
- A accomplished liars cannot be detected by subtle nonverbal cues they unknowingly give.
- Culture offers ways of identifying with the organization and creates a “you-feeling.”
- Generally, the negotiation process can be categorized into two basic phases: pre-negotiation and negotiation.
- Postures send same messages to all people, e.g. when you stand in an upright position, you impress others as being energetic.
- Negotiation takes place only when negotiating parties trust each other to some extent.
- Do not waste time on some nonbusiness activities when contacting with Asian business partners.
- In American culture, students are not supposed to say anything that will make their teachers feel embarrassed.
- Saving face is a universal truth for people in any country.
- A memo can be used not only within company but also among different organizations.
- Verbal communication uses symbols, but nonverbal communication does not.
- The French culture is a high-context culture; American culture is a low-context one.
- Oral communication is the ability to compose, critically analyze, present, and deliver information through oral interactions.
- Each culture has its own form of acceptable greeting behavior, usually based on the level of formality found within the society.
- Wait for your counterpart’s reaction before displaying candor in your communication.
- International business uniform is, for men: a dark suit, white shirt and conservative tie; for women: a knee-length dress, high-cut blouse and comfortable shoes.
- The arrangements of office space are reflections of underlying cultural values.
- Though culture can eliminate the need to make new decisions for every case, it cannot substitute for structural and human resources management.
- The new arrivals will be at a difficult, painful stage if they do not share their feelings with someone.
- The correct mix of talent and cultural backgrounds are key factors to a team’s success.
- The social-psychological model assumes both parties would prefer to negotiate in this manner and there would be no use of power or other negative tactics.
- Coming home after spending some time abroad is not an easy task.
- Some people might eat a lot in a new environment, maybe because the local food is tasted or just a way to release his stress.
- Gift-giving in your own country may be considered an integral part of building intercultural professional and social relationships.
- Negotiation strategies are the means used by one party to influence the other party’s perception and behavior in negotiations.
- Jetlag will be a psychological symptom for a new comer.
- Cultural factors need not to be considered in verbal communication.
- In English-speaking countries, people think highly of togetherness.
- People can be relaxed by making some friends in a new environment.
- Negotiation is a discussion between two or more parties with conflicting interests.
- Conflicts of the team cannot be avoided.
- Always feeling of being a foreigner and an unimportant outsider, some of them might glorify or even idealize their native culture
- Different cultures may view the very purpose of a business negotiation differently.
- In Japan, to take time is to show maturity and wisdom.
- Misunderstanding comes just from superficial differences.
- An open mind and a willingness to learn from experiences will help people get over communication problems and adapt to new cultures.
- If a joint venture is to develop an independent culture, the first thing it needs is time.
- A nonverbal cue can replace a verbal message.
- The culture-shocked person is a helpless victim, experiencing many different emotional and mental difficulties.
- Speech behavior must be in conformity with rules of speaking.
- We can attempt to control the words we say, nonverbal behavior can be manipulated too.
- Patterns of eye contact learned in childhood can be affected by later experiences.
- If the marketers want to be the winners in the intercultural marketing, they must create the marketing mix that meets the consumers’ cultural values.
- With jet lag and unfamiliar food and beds may come indigestion and insomnia, and the visiting team may suffer a loss of physical well-being.
- Corporate culture influences our behavior at work.
- Personal space, also called personal territory or private space, refers to the space people have for their own activities.
- An introduction can be the formal or informal presentation of one person to another, in which people get to know each other and establish relationships with each other.
- The goal at a cocktail party is to meet as many people as possible. Everyone expects to get into deep discussions.
- When people are immersed in a new culture, “culture shock” is a natural and typical response.
- Language sets humankind apart from other animals.
- Etiquette is what to do, while protocol is how to do it.
- When upward communication is poor, rumors and misinformation will spread around.
- There are different patterns of communication based on different points of view in business situation.
- Subordinates may report working progress or problems to their manager as a downward communication.
- Business communication is a static multi-channeled process.
- Loudspeaker announcements are sometimes also a kind of downward communication.
- Notices, circulars, orders, bulletins etc. are typical examples of downward communication.
- Horizontal communication is usually characterized by its informality, closeness and speed.
- Upward communication usually comes naturally .
- We have to be skilled at dealing with what is always involved in business communication
- Every cultural pattern and every single act of social behavior involves communication.
- In any communication event, the sender and the receiver of the messages constantly shift from being encoders to decoders.
- When we are in a social group to which we do not belong, we are likely to feel uncomfortable.
- It is difficult to define communication as it is to define culture.
- All communication takes place within a specific context.
- Whereas money is considered an artifact, the value placed upon it is a concept, but the actual spending and saving of money is behavior.
- There are two levels of culture: an invisible level and a visible level.
- Definitions of culture range from all-encompassing ones to narrower ones as well.
- We generally take our culture for granted.
- What we eat is a biological process and how we eat it is cultural.
- Culture can be actually classified into different types when viewed from different perspectives.
- People’s entire repertoire of communicative behaviors depends largely on the culture they have been raised.
- Culture is just a kind of attribute of human beings.
- Culture is something spiritual but not realistic.
- There is not one aspect of human life that is not touched and altered by culture.
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