第一章单元测试
A 17-year-old boy infected with hepatitis A experiences mild nausea for about 1 week and develops very mild scleral icterus. On physical examination, he has minimal right upper quadrant tenderness. Laboratory findings include a serum AST of 68U/L, ALT 75U/L, and total bilirubin 5.l mg/dL. The increase in this patient's serum enzyme levels most likely results from which of the following changes in the hepatocytes?
An experiment analyzes cells for enzyme activity associated with sustained cellular proliferation. Which of the following cells is most likely to have the highest telomerase activity?
In a clinical trial, a chemotherapeutic agent is given to patients with breast cancer metastases. Samples of the cancer cells are obtained and assessed for the presence of death of tumor cells by apoptosis. Mutational inactivation of which of the following products is most likely to render tumor cells resistant to the effects of such an agent?
A 22-year-old woman has a congenital anemia that has required multiple transfusions of RBCs for many years. On physical examination, she now has no significant findings; however, liver function tests show reduced serum albumin. Which of the following findings would most likely appear in a liver biopsy specimen?
A 69-year-old man has had difficulty with urination, including hesitancy and frequency, for the past 5 years. A digital rectal examination reveals that the prostate gland is palpably enlarged to about twice normal size. A transurethral resection of the prostate is performed, and the microscopic appearance of the prostate “chips” obtained is that of nodules of glands with intervening stroma. Which of the following pathologic processes has most likely occurred in the prostate?
A 33-year-old woman has had increasing lethargy and decreased urine output for the past week. Laboratory studies show serum creatinine level of 4.3mg/dL and urea nitrogen level of 40mg/dL. A renal biopsy is performed, and the specimen is examined using electron microscopy. Which of the following morphologic changes most likely suggests a diagnosis of acute tubular necrosis?
A 63-year-old man has a 2-year history of worsening congestive heart failure. An echocardiogram shows mitral stenosis with left atrial dilation. A thrombus is present in the left atrium. One month later, he experiences left flank pain and notes hematuria. Laboratory testing shows elevated serum AST. Which of the following patterns of tissue injury is most likely to be present?
On a routine visit to the physician, an otherwise healthy 51-year-old man has a blood pressure of 150/95 mm Hg. If the patient's hypertension remains untreated for years, Which of the following cellular changes is unlikely to occur in myocardium?
In an experiment, cells are subjected to radiant energy in the form of x-rays. This results in cell injury caused by hydrolysis of water. Which of the following cellular enzymes does not protect cells from this damage?
A 68-year-old woman suddenly lost consciousness and, on awakening 1 hour later, she could not speak or move her right arm and leg. Two months later, a head CT scan showed a large cystic area in the left parietal lobe. Which of the following pathologic processes has most likely occurred in the brain?
A:Defects in the cell membrane B:Dispersion of ribosomes C:Swelling of the mitochondria D:Clumping of nuclear chromatin E:Autophagy by lysosomes
答案:Defects in the cell membrane
A:Erythrocytes B:Endothelial cells C:Neurons D:Germ cells E:Neutrophils
答案:Neurons
A:Cytochrome P-450 B:p53 C:NF- kappaB D:BCL-2 E:Granzyme B
答案:NF- kappaB
A:Steatosis in hepatocytes B:Glycogen in hepatocytes C:Bilirubin in canaliculi D:Hemosiderin in hepatocytes E:Amyloid in portal triads
答案:Hemosiderin in hepatocytes
A:Hyperplasia B:Dysplasia C:Metaplasia D:Apoptosis E:Fatty change F:Hypertrophy
答案:Hyperplasia
A:Plasma membrane blebs B:Nuclear fragmentation C:Ribosomal disaggregation D:Chromatin clumping E:Mitochondrial swelling
答案:Nuclear fragmentation
A:Caseous necrosis B:Coagulative necrosis C:Fat necrosis D:Gangrenous necrosis E:Liquefactive necrosis
答案:Coagulative necrosis
A:Hemosiderosis B:Hyperplasia C:Metaplasia D:Atrophy E:Hypertrophy
答案:Hemosiderosis###Hyperplasia###Metaplasia###Atrophy
A:Lactate dehydrogenase B:Endonuclease C:Protease D:Glutathione peroxidase E:Phospholipase
答案:Lactate dehydrogenase###Endonuclease###Protease###Phospholipase
A:Liquefactive necrosis B:Apoptosis C:Coagulative necrosis D:Karyolysis E:Fat necrosis
答案:Liquefactive necrosis
