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跨文化交际（东北农业大学）
mental work
When a college instructor pauses during a lecture and looks at students who are talking in order to express that they should be quiet, what function is being fulfilled by the nonverbal message?
According to legend, what event took place on the day of the Dragon Boat Festival?
Modern-day Qingming Festival outings have carried the spirit forward to combine fun of travel,_________ and healthy living.
The usage of chopsticks matches with the non-violent teachings of a famous philosopher---__________.
For the people who died for their country or people, they use _____to show their respect.
Symptoms exhibited during the crisis period include________, sadness, homesickness, and anger.
In our daily life, we usually prefer to some number and date and believe they will bring luck to us while we avoid mentioning certain number and date in that they will give us misfortune. Which number is taboo in English?
What was the name of the monster that the village scared off at the first Chinese New Year?
In the English proverb: A man’s home is his castle means: a person’s home is sacrosanct. Without permission, one may not enter. It is the taboo _____.
Your body doesn’t know how to lie.’ indicates ______.
One of the most visible effects is the improved _______of products due to global competition.
Globalization means that people，ideas，technology，money，services and many other things are moving between _________and changing the way people think and act.
The ________ are one of the only cultures left in the world who still switch their forks and knives whenever they are eating.
The thought of li can coordinate the relationship between individuals and society to construct the ____________ of society.
What is the traditional food that people eat onThanksgiving Day?
People from cultures that follow the mono-chronic time system tend to _______.
What is the acceptable addressing of ‘Tom Smith’ in American culture?
You are making a series of proposals and your Japanese counterpart keeps nodding his head. What does he mean?
The element party held the view that the origin of the world was ________, such as fire, earth, gas, water, seed and atom and changeable.
Over the millennia, purple has been associated with royalty in western civilizations, because it is_____to produce purple dye.
Non-action is another core thought of Laozi’s philosophy, which is the _____________ to realize the naturalness.
Culture is the collective answer to questions as ________.
But in Chinese, the figurative meaning of the word “owl” is described as ____.
Which of the following countries uses high-context language?
What is the main tradition celebrated during the Moon Festival?
Sadness and loss, however temporary, are only natural when living in a new place far from home. The mind needs______ to familiarize itself with new surroundings and new ways of life.
Thanksgiving Day is mainly celebrated in _____________.
The naming taboo of the _____ discouraged the use of the emperor’s given name and those of his ancestors.
Which culture tends to enjoy short distance when communicating?
The first stage of culture shock is full of observations and new discoveries. It usually happens during the first few weeks.（）
In some families in western countries, some children address their parents or grandparents directly by their first names.（）
Some sorts of daily rules are learned by osmosis.( )
We can address Jason Brown, who is a teacher, as Teacher Brown.（）
In the
century, dinner forks were passed on from the wealthy in Byzantiumto Italians, peopleaccepted it very quickly.（）Nothing can prohibit a culture to be transmitted from generation to generation.（）
The thumb-up sign is good in most European countries and America. And it is also used as a signal for hitch-hiking in America.（）
The doctrine of mean is regarded as the supreme principle of morality, which refers to the mastery of appropriateness to keep balance and to make the words and behaviors of human beings fit for the established moral standards.（）
Like an iceberg, nine-tenths of culture is below surface.( )
Feedback is an element of communication.（）
Chinese cooking is roughly divided into northern and southern styles.（）
The passive cultures are more competitive.（）
The origin of the Spring Festival is associated with a monster called “Nian”.（）
In the mastery period, an individual realizes that the new culture has good and bad things to offer.（）
Chinese people give more compliments in daily life than Americans.（）
On Valentine’s Day, only lovers send cards and chocolates to each other.（）
The Taoist philosophy is the backbone of Chinese philosophy and culture, which influences various aspects of Chinese culture, such as consciousness and customs.（）
Following the way of nature can not solve the conflicts between human and nature to keep harmonious.（）
Both Chinese and westerners use a lot of seasonings during the cooking process.（）
Although we may not realize it when we talk with others, we make ourselves understood not only by words. Body language is used especially to express feelings. （）
Compared with Chinese, more talk is conductedat western table.（）
Generally, Americans believe time is a line. It's future-oriented. For Chinese people, time is circular and past-oriented.（）
The thumb-up sign means stop Malaysia.（）
For economic globalization, what we mankind can do is to understand, adapt to, and apply the law of history, sometimes try to prevent it from happening.（）
Tightness is more likely to occur where there is a high population density.（）
The cowherd and the weaving maid could meet each other once in a year on the day of the 7th July.（）
Cultures are dynamic and are subject to change.（）
Ranks in the armed forces like Captain can be used as titles.（）
In particularism culture, relationship come ahead of abstracts social codes.（）
Japan has atime-conscious culture. Japanese people are concerned about being punctual. Sometimes it is hard for them to accept the ‘loose’ attitude to time held by most of the people who are from other countries.（）
Greeting
When greeting someone, an American’s first response is to hold out his or her hand, look directly at the person and smile. In some situations, this behavior may bring misunderstandings. Usually a handshake is not the universally accepted greeting. Also, looking others right in the eye might not mean the same thing in other parts of the world.
When greeting Asians for the first time, do not shake hands. Physical contact may be embarrassing. Many Asians, particularly Japanese, have learned to accept handshakes whendealing with Westerners. For Japanese, a slight bow of the head is usually suitable for responding to a handshake.
People in the Middle East, particularly Muslims, avoid body contact with the opposite sex, but persons of the same sex commonly hug when greeting each other. When shaking hands, men should be careful not to pull their hand away too quickly. Also, people from France, Spain, Italy and Portugal greet friends by kissing each other on both cheeks.
Smiling is the universal gesture of friendliness. In America, smiling is a happy or friendly thing to do. In some Latin cultures, for example, smile may be used to mean "Excuse me"or "Please".
In many cultures, avoiding eye contact is a sign of respect, but such behavior can also lead to misunderstandings. For example, some Asian students have been regarded as lacking respect for their American teachers because they do not look at the teacher while he or she is speaking.
Confucian thought on filial piety
Filial piety is a basic concept of Confucianism and it is also an ethic of human value advocated by Confucius. It is essential and indispensable for social stability, historical continuity, people's happiness and family harmony in ancient China. For thousands of years, the Chinese, rich and poor, have been deeply influenced by the culture of filial piety.
Filial piety is the most basic principle for each of us. It is the original emotion based on the natural blood relationship. Filial piety as the basis for social ethics, the family is its most fundamental stage. Home should be a place full of affection, there is no affection of the family can not be regarded as the true sense of home. And filial piety is the basis for preservation of the family affection. The parents’ age should be always kept in mind by the children. On the one hand, children are happy with their longevity; on the other hand, they fear that their parents will die soon. This conflicted feeling just shows that filial piety is the natural expression of human emotion.
Confucius explained the filial piety from four aspects.
First, support the parents when they are old to repay them. This is the basic request for Confucian filial piety. Children should always respect their parents and make it a rule of conduct to inherit and carry forward the will of the ancestors.
Second, respect and honor the parents in spirit. This is the high requirement of filial piety. Only supporting parents is not enough. Everyone should keep filial respect in mind all the time. Confucius thought that he who is a son of parents should not impose a mental burden on his parents. Parents are always worried about the health of children. Those who are children should be aware of the heart of their parents and take care of the body.
Love the parents and also respect the elder brother is a basic ethic to maintain family harmony. Brothers should love and help each other. The fraternal duty will make parents happy and joy.
Third, if parents have made a mistake, the children should not blindly follow. Persuade the parents gently and softly. Do not hurt their feeling if they don’t accept the advice. Make a chance to persuade them again after a while. That would be manifestation of filial piety.
Forth, filial piety also refers to inherit father’s will. When the father is alive, the son is not in charge of family matters. His ambition is important here. When the father passed away, the action and behavior of the son would get close attention by others.
Fifth, Confucianism regards burial ceremony as one of the main symbols of filial piety. The funeral is for the dead, but it is the inner expression of the filial piety of the living. As a consolation to death, the funeral ceremony is also a realization of filial piety.
Confucius' filial piety is the compilation of the thought in the Book Documents. He developed and improved the filial piety of Zhou dynasty. Filial piety is the natural feeling from the depth of one’s heart. It has been handed down from father to son for countless generations and remains very much alive today.
A:moon B:a milky way C:Leifeng Tower D:Yellow River
答案:a milky way
A:Contradicting B:Substituting C:Complementing D:Accenting
答案:Substituting
A:Moon failed to shine for five straight days B:Ancient dragons came down from heaven to fight for the Chinese against the Mongols C:Poet Qu Yuan committed suicide when he learned of the defeat of his country D:A huge earthquake was caused by the fall of a great dragon
AI参考:正确答案是C:Poet Qu Yuan committed suicide when he learned of the defeat of his country。根据传说，端午节当天发生的事件是诗人屈原得知国家战败后自杀。因此，选项C是正确答案。其他选项中，A、B、D都没有在端午节这一天发生，与题目描述不符。'
A:hard work B:mental work C:physical exercises D:entertainment
答案:正确AI参考:正确答案是C:physical exercises。句子中提到现代清明节出游把精神传承下来，结合旅游、体育和健康生活，可以推断出是体育活动，所以选择C选项physical exercises（体育锻炼）。其他选项hard work（艰苦的工作）、mental work（脑力劳动）和entertainment（娱乐）都不符合语境。'
A:Aristotle B:Confucius C:Plato D:Sun-Tzu
AI参考:答案：B:Confucius推理过程：题目中明确提到chopsticks，意为筷子，所以该答案与中国古代伟大的思想家孔子的教诲有关。Aristotle是古希腊哲学家，Plato是古希腊哲学家，他们和孔子生活的年代相差较远，因此不符合。而Sun-Tzu则是孙子兵法，其理论不是非暴力。所以答案是B：Confucius（孔子）。'
A:圆寂 B:夭逝 C:驾崩 D:殉国
答案:Two-ThirdsAI参考:正确选项是【D:殉国】。题目中提到“为国家和人民而死的人”，殉国是指为国家和人民而牺牲生命，因此选项D“殉国”最符合题意。圆寂、夭逝和驾崩通常用于描述僧人或老年人的去世，与题目中的语境不符。'
A:sleeplessness B:satisfaction C:anxiety D:appreciation
答案:anxiety
A:8 B:14 C:4 D:13
AI参考:正确答案是D：13。日常生活中的确有些数字被认为是吉利的，如6和8，它们代表了顺利和发财。但也有一些数字被认为是不吉利的，比如13，因为基督教中耶稣有13位门徒，在西方文化中，13是不受欢迎的数字。因此，人们在日常交流中会避免使用13这个数字。因此，答案是D。'
A:Hydra B:Sphinx C:Dragon D:Nian
AI参考:正确选项是 D:Nian。在中国的春节期间，有一种传说中的怪兽叫做“年”，它会带来坏天气和疾病，导致村民们恐惧并搬离村庄。而这个“年”通常被描绘成一种怪兽的形象，选项D“Nian”就是这个形象的描述。因此，选项D是正确答案。'
A:family B:on names C:on ominous matters D:on personal matters
AI参考:答案D.on personal matters这句话的意思是：“英语谚语‘一个人的家就是他的城堡’意味着一个人的家是神圣不可侵犯的，未经允许，别人不能进入。这是关于个人事务的禁忌。”所以正确选项是D，即“关于个人事务的禁忌”。其他选项与句子意思不符。'
A:something wrong with your body B:body contact is dangerous C:body language is important D:We can’t separate mind from body
A:quantity B:quality C:name D:price
A:people B:countries C:schools D:companies
A:Americans B:Britons C:Italians D:Frenchmen
AI参考:正确答案是【B:Britons】。原文中提到“The ________ are one of the only cultures left in the world who still switch their forks and knives whenever they are eating.”（英国人是在世界上唯一仍然在吃饭时经常更换刀叉的文化之一），所以答案为B，即英国人。其他选项与原文不符。'
A:structrue B:hierarchy C:rules D:harmony
AI参考:正确答案是D：harmony。题目中提到了“协调个人与社会之间的关系以构建社会的和谐”，所以答案为D。结构(structure)通常指的是构成一个整体的组成部分之间的组织方式，如建筑物结构等；层次(hierarchy)是指在一个系统中各个成员的等级或顺序，比如官僚体系中的等级制度；规则(rules)是指对行为或事物的规定或限制；和谐(harmony)则是指各种事物之间的平衡、协调与统一。所以选项D最符合题目意思。'
A:whole fish B:dumplings C:turkey D:New Year cake
AI参考:正确选项是 C:turkey。在感恩节这一天，传统食物是火鸡（turkey），因此选项C是正确答案。选项A的全鱼并不是感恩节传统食物，选项B的饺子并不是美国感恩节传统食物，选项D的新年蛋糕也与感恩节无关。'
A:borrow and lend things often B:be committed to people C:help each other D:do one time at a time
AI参考:正确答案是D:do one time at a time。根据题干中的关键词“mono-chronic time system”可以判断出这是在讨论一种时间观念，即单时制时间系统。在这种时间系统中，人们倾向于一次只做一件事，因此选项D“一次只做一件事”最符合题意。选项A、B、C在单时制文化中不太可能出现。因此，正确答案是D。'
A:Teacher Smith B:Lawyer Smith C:Mr. Tom D:Professor Smith
AI参考:正确选项是【C:Mr. Tom】。在美式文化中，“Tom Smith”的常用称呼方式是Mr. Tom，选项C符合这个惯例。其他选项中，Teacher Smith（老师史密斯）通常用于职业称呼，Lawyer Smith（律师史密斯）则更常用于特定的职业领域，而Professor Smith（教授史密斯）则更多地用于学术领域的称呼。因此，选项C Mr. Tom是最为常见的称呼方式。'
AI参考:正确选项是“同意”。根据上下文，你正在提出一系列建议，而你的日本同事一直在点头表示同意。因此，正确选项是“同意”。虽然题干中没有要求进行推理分析，但是可以猜测这个场景可能是商务或会议中的对话，所以可以用这种直观的理解来选择答案。'
A:one B:four C:multiple D:six
AI参考:正确答案是【C:multiple】。原文中表示"多重的，多元的"，选项中只有multiple符合此意，所以正确答案是C。而其他选项如one，four，six分别表示一个，四和六，都不符合文意。因此正确答案是C。'
A:rare B:expensive C:cheap D:convenient
AI参考:正确答案是 A: rare 。该题的关键是句中的but转折，后面的部分是因为紫罗兰很贵重（是珍稀植物）才能生产出紫色染料，所以紫色与皇室有关联。因此，答案为A。B、C、D三项均与句意不符。'
A:philosophy B:culture C:way D:methodology
AI参考:正确选项是C:way根据文章内容，Laozi的哲学思想中的非行动是其实现自然的一种方式。因此，正确选项是way（方法），而philosophy（哲学）、culture（文化）和methodology（方法论）与文章内容不符。所以答案为C。'
A:How should I live my life? B:All the above C:Who am I? D:Where do I fit in the world?
AI参考:正确答案是D：Where do I fit in the world?。根据题干中的“文化是对问题的集体回答”可以推断出，文化是对个人在世界上如何定位的问题的回答。因此，正确答案是D，即“我在这个世界上应该如何定位”。其他选项与题干内容不符。'
A:the devil B:calmness C:gravity D:wisdom
AI参考:正确答案是D:wisdom。根据题干中的描述，中文中“owl”一词的比喻意义被描述为“智慧”。因此，正确答案是D。A选项“魔鬼”与题干描述不符，B选项“平静”和C选项“重力”也与题干描述不符。'
A:Canada B:Germany C:United States D:Japan
AI参考:正确答案是D：Japan。日本是一个文化高度语境化的国家，他们使用语言时非常注重语境，因此在四个选项中，只有日本使用高语境语言。其他选项中，加拿大和德国属于低语境语言国家，而美国则属于中语境语言国家。因此，正确答案是D。'
A:Eating moon cakes B:Praying for a good husband C:Staying up all night D:Eating cold food
AI参考:正确答案是A:Eating moon cakes。在中秋节期间庆祝的主要传统是吃月饼，即选项A。中秋节是中国传统的节日之一，通常在农历八月十五庆祝，人们会吃月饼、赏月、赏花灯等。选项B、C、D都与中秋节的主题无关。因此，A是正确答案。'
A:time B:patience C:money D:excuse
AI参考:答案为 A：timemind 需要时间让自己适应新环境和生活方式。句中前文提到了离开家远到新的地方感到伤心和失落，故mind需要时间去适应新的环境，这句话是说在离家远的新地方，尽管失落悲伤可能是暂时的，但是需要时间去熟悉新环境和新生活方式是人之常情。因此正确答案是A。B. patience耐性；C. money 钱；D. excuse借口。所以正确答案是A。'
A:America B:Denmark C:Australia D:Britain
AI参考:答案：A推理过程：根据常识可知，感恩节主要在美国庆祝。因此答案为A。选项B、C、D都是选项A之外的答案，故排除。'
A:holiness B:state C:clan D:father
AI参考:答案为C：clan这道题只需辨析几个同义名词的区别即可，在此题中只有选项C为正确答案，clan本义为“氏族”一般被称作氏族制度，是古代社会的一种组织形式，而holiness一般指宗教上的至高无上的神，state指国家，father指父亲，均与题意不符。故选C。'
A:American culture B:Chinese culture C:Arabian culture D:British culture
A:错 B:对
A:对 B:错
AI参考:答案：B在西方国家的某些家庭中，一些孩子直接用名字称呼他们的父母或祖父母。这是一个非常普遍的社会现象。此陈述表述不准确。所以，正确选项是B：“错”。'
A:错 B:对
A:错 B:对
A:错 B:对
AI参考:正确答案是B，对。根据问题中的描述，在公元1世纪，晚餐叉子从拜占庭富人传到了意大利人手中，人们很快接受了它。因此，描述是正确的，选项B为正确答案。'
A:对 B:错
AI参考:正确答案是B：错。句子中提到“没有什么能够阻止文化一代一代地传递下去”，但是实际上，文化传递过程中可能会受到各种因素的影响，如语言的变化、社会的变迁、价值观的改变等，这些因素都可能影响到文化的传承。因此，原句的表述是不准确的，所以答案为B。'
A:对 B:错
AI参考:答案为B：错根据问题描述，拇指向上表示赞扬或同意，在大多数欧洲国家和美国都是好的。同时，在美国它也常被用作搭便车的信号。但是原句中使用了“good”和“hitch-hiking”两个不同的概念，这可能导致读者理解上的困惑。所以该句子描述是错误的。'
A:错 B:对
A:错 B:对
A:对 B:错
A:对 B:错
A:错 B:对
A:对 B:错
A:对 B:错
A:对 B:错
A:对 B:错
AI参考:正确答案是【错】。情人节只会有恋人才互相送卡片和巧克力是错误的，大部分的人也会在情人节这天互相赠送礼物，并不局限于恋人之间。所以这句话是错的。'
A:错 B:对
A:错 B:对
A:对 B:错
A:对 B:错
AI参考:正确答案是B。句子中提到“虽然我们可能在与他人交谈时没有意识到这一点，但我们不仅通过言语来表达自己，身体语言也特别用来表达感情。”所以这个句子是错误的，表明我们不仅仅通过言语来表达自己，还有其他方式。因此，答案是B。'
A:错 B:对
A:对 B:错
A:对 B:错
AI参考:正确答案是【错】。手势"竖起大拇指"通常表示"很棒"、"非常好"，但是这个手势在不同的国家有不同的含义，特别是在马来西亚，这个手势是表示"钱"，所以不能理解为"停马来西亚"。因此，这个判断题是错误的。'
A:对 B:错
A:错 B:对
A:对 B:错
A:错 B:对
A:对 B:错
A:错 B:对
A:对 B:错
AI参考:Based on the passage, it can be inferred that Americans usually ____________ when greeting each other. A. use their hands to shake hands B. do not smile C. keep silent D. maintain eye contact 正确答案是：A. use their hands to shake hands。 根据第三段句子When greeting Asians for the first time，do not shake hands. Physical contact may be embarrassing.可知，当第一次问候亚洲人时，不要握手，身体接触可能会尴尬。因此可以推断出美国人通常会用他们的手来握手。故选A。"
AI参考:The passage mainly talks about _______. A. Confucianism B. filial piety C. the importance of filial piety D. Confucius thoughts on filial piety 正确答案是：D. Confucius thoughts on filial piety。 根据文章内容可知，文章主要讲述了孔子的孝道思想，故选D。A项“儒家思想”在文章中没有提及；B项“孝顺”在文章中是围绕“孝道”展开的；C项“孝道的重要性”只是文章中的一部分内容。故选D。"
