- Our short-term memory can be transferred into long-term memory via elaborative rehearsal. （ ）
- A brand personality is the set of traits people attribute to a brand as if it were a person. （ ）
- The evaluation of alternatives is the third stage of the consumer decision-making process.（ ）
- A typical antecedent state is product disposal. （ ）
- Not long after the purchase, Jacob is fed up with his iPhone 11 and begins to wish for a Huawei Mate 30 Pro. In the model of consumer decision making, this is called opportunity recognition in the need recognition stage. （ ）
- A person's feelings about his or her body can be described in terms of body image.（ ）
- Impulse items such as candy or gum are placed near the checkout.（ ）
- The looking-glass self is modeled by elements of the pop culture, such as comic book heroes.（ ）
- Conspicuous consumption refers to people’s desires to provide prominent visible evidence of their ability to help others. （ ）
- A subculture is a group whose members share beliefs and common experiences that set them apart from others. （ ）
- Social media addiction is different from chemical (i.e., drug) dependency - the latter is typical consumer addiction, whereas the former is a habit easy to be kicked off. （ ）
- Classical conditioning occurs when a stimulus that elicits a response is paired with another stimulus that initially does not elicit a response on its own. （ ）
- Instrumental conditioning is also called classical conditioning. （ ）
- A consumer is a person who identifies a need or desire, makes a purchase, and then disposes of the product. （ ）
- The ideal body shape of women in China remains consistent over time. （ ）
- A membership reference group comprises idealized figures such as successful business people, athletes, or performers.（ ）
- A straight re-buy is considered a habitual decision.（ ）
- Role theory takes the view that much of consumer behavior resembles actions in play. （ ）
- Normally a consumer can NOT detect subtle differences between two marketing stimuli very precisely. （ ）
- Materialistic values tend to focus on the individual rather than a group or family.（ ）
- Which of the following description about pecking order is true? （ ）
- A garage sale is an example of what is called ________.（ ）
- When marketer's use psychological, sociological, and anthropological factors to analyze a market, they are using ________. （ ）
- The "please keep quite" sign in the library indicates which part of the Freudian system? （ ）
- ________ is/are the mental characteristics of people and the way they relate to their environment and social group. （ ）
- While waiting in line at the register, Lily spots a cute stuffed turtle which she thinks her niece will like it, so she impulsively decides to buy it. What form of decision-making has taken place? （ ）
- LinkedIn is a social network specifically designed for career and business professionals to connect and to cultivate their careers and businesses. Recently, Michael, a freelancer, used his LinkedIn network to find a new job as telecommuter. According to social mobility theory, Michael’s job hoping is most likely to be labelled as: （ ）
- Marlboro cigarettes promise to help a man project a “macho” image appeal to his insecurities about his masculinity. This marketing practice is to assert the _____ function of consumer attitude towards the brand. （ ）
- Which of the following value is a terminal one? （ ）
- An extended family unit is characterized by ________ living together. （ ）
- In a cultural production system, cultural gatekeepers filter the overflow of information as it travels from cultural production system to consumers. Which of the following occupation plays as a cultural gatekeeper? （ ）
- Anna asks people in her social group their opinion about a movie before she watches it. Her social group is an example of a(n) ________.（ ）
- In the 1950s, an approach called ________ research attempted to use Freudian ideas to understand the deeper meanings of products and advertisements. （ ）
- A consumer who buys the same brand over and over again exhibits ________.（ ）
- In its advertising, China's top electronic vehicle maker BYD emphasizes its fuel economy, battery safety, and lower maintenance cost of its car. The company is trying to appeal to which of the following consumer needs? （ ）
- Classical conditioning takes place when a(n) ________ is continuously matched with a(n) ________. （ ）
- According to the dimensions of emotional states model, a specific mood is some combination of pleasure and arousal. For example, when a customer feels very pleasant but in a low arousal level, she is probably in the state of ____ ___. ( )
- ________ measures how optimistic or pessimistic people are about the future health of the economy and how they will fair in the future.（ ）
- ________ refers to a consumer's subjective evaluation of his or her physical self. （ ）
- At a German store, Procter & Gamble places RFID (radio-frequency identification) tags on products; when a shopper lifts a package off a shelf, this action changes the message on a digital screen in front of him or her. This is to increase ______. （ ）
- Why is age a common demographic category used in understanding consumer behavior? （ ）
- Dimensions we use to judge the merits of competing options are called ________. （ ）
- _____ is a physiological or psychological dependency on products or services. （ ）
- Lily Wang was planning on traveling over summer holiday, but she didn't want to spend a lot of money on the airfare. Even though it took more time, she went online to get tickets instead of going to a travel agent. What theory of motivation best explains Lily's behavior? （ ）
- Which of the following statement does NOT reflect the hedonistic shopping motive? （ ）
- China is a very tightly knit culture with rich history and social identification. In this culture, people tend to infer meanings that go beyond the spoken word. This classifies China as a ________ culture. （ ）
- A strategy that involves the development and promotion of environmentally friendly products is called ________. （ ）
- Which attitude function is associated with a focus on particular social identities and lifestyles (e.g., "What sort of person use TikTok?")?（ ）
- Which of the following statement about CSR is NOT true? （ ）
- Which term refers to the collection and analysis of extremely large data sets?（ ）
- In a culture , ________ usually dictate what is right and wrong, acceptable or unacceptable.（ ）
- A culture production system is a set of individuals and organizations that create and market cultural products.（ ）
- In many cultures, myths feature talking animals that act as mediating figures.（ ）
- Profane consumption involves consumer objects and events that are ordinary.（ ）
- Which functional area of culture is most closely related to the idea of a common worldview? （ ）
- In China, people born in 2020s are labelled as "Z-lennials" （ ）
- An age ________ consists of people of similar ages who have undergone similar experiences. （ ）
- A ________ is defined as a group whose members share beliefs and common experiences that set them apart from others. （ ）
- Hanfu refers to the traditional clothing and accessories people wore during the Han Dynasty, in ancient China. （ ）
- A component of a person's subculture is ________.（ ）
- A consumer's belief about what the future holds is an indicator of consumer confidence.（ ）
- Discretionary income is the money available to a household over and above that required for a comfortable standard of living.（ ）
- ________ refers to the passage of individuals from one social class to another. （ ）
- When a Rolls-Royce, a Cartier diamond, and an Andy Warhol painting are bought and displayed as markers of social class, they are ________.（ ）
- The best predictor of major expenditures that do not have status or symbolic value is ________.（ ）
- ________ argue(s) that each of us has several "selves that relate to groups." （ ）
- ___ is a group of consumers who share a set of social relationships based on usage of or interest in a product/brand. （ ）
- A set of socially relevant nodes connected by one or more relations is called a social ________.（ ）
- Word-of-mouth (WOM) is product information that individuals transmit to other individuals. （ ）
- A group composed of people that the consumer actually knows is called a(n) ________ reference group.（ ）
- Which of the following is considered a post-purchase process?（ ）
- Clothing choices are often heavily influenced by the situation in which the consumer needs to wear them. （ ）
- A coupon-dispensing machine in a grocery aisle and an employee handing out free samples of a new product are both examples of ________. （ ）
- According to the expectancy dis-confirmation model, when a product or service perform the way that a consumer thought it would, she may not think much about it; but if it fails to live up to expectations, this may create negative feelings. （ ）
- Most customers who experience an environment that is both pleasant and arousing will interpret it as an exciting environment.（ ）
- According to the ________ rule, a product with a low standing on one attribute cannot make up for this position by being better on another attribute. （ ）
- ________ describes consumption at the low end.（ ）
- Needs are created when the actual state of a customer declines. （ ）
- The first stage in the consumer decision-making process is ________.（ ）
- Decisions driven by our emotional responses to a product are called ________.（ ）
- Psychologist David Katz developed the ________ of attitudes. （ ）
- Balance theory helps explain why consumers like being linked to positively valued objects. （ ）
- Which of the following status indicates the highest level of commitment to an attitude?（ ）
- A component of the ABC model of attitude is ________. （ ）
- A(n) ________ is a lasting, general evaluation of people (including oneself), objects, advertisements, or issues. （ ）
- Lifestyles are identified by a convergence of personality, product and setting.（ ）
- People in different cultures hold the same core values with the same priority. （ ）
- In Freudian system, which part of the self follows the reality principle? （ ）
- Personality refers to a person's unique psychological makeup and how it consistently influences the way a person responds to his or her environment. （ ）
- According to Freud, the part of the personality that seeks immediate gratification is called the ________. （ ）
- Self-esteem refers to the intensity and stability over time of a person's self-concept. （ ）
- A person's conception of how he/she would like to be is called ________. （ ）
- ________ is when the person tries to evaluate their appearance by comparing it to the people depicted in these artificial images. （ ）
- Gender identity is a very important component of a consumer’s self-concept.（ ）
- ________ summarizes the beliefs a person holds about his own attributes and how he/she evaluates their self on those qualities. （ ）
- Mary Chen is torn between going home for the holidays to visit her parents in China or going on a skiing trip with friends from college. Mary would love to be able to do both. Which of the following motivational conflicts will Mary most likely experience as she makes her decision?（ ）
- A degree of arousal is called a drive.（ ）
- Product involvement refers to a consumer's level of interest in a product.（ ）
- ________ suggests that expectations of achieving desirable outcomes—positive incentives—rather than being pushed from within motivate our behavior. （ ）
- When a woman buys expensive jewelry, which of the following needs is most likely being expressed? （ ）
- Memories of products are often replaced (forgotten) as we learn additional information. This displacement of information is called ________. （ ）
- Which theory listed below assumes that learning take place as the result of responses to external events? （ ）
- A relative permanent change of behavior is called ________. （ ）
- Which theory stresses the importance of internal mental processes? （ ）
- ________ memory permits the temporary storage of information we receive from our senses. （ ）
- Unlike computers, people do not passively process whatever information happens to be present. （ ）
- The first step in the perception process is called attention.（ ）
- The minimum difference that can be detected between two stimuli is known as the ________. （ ）
- Companies that think carefully about the impact of sensations on product experiences are practicing ________. （ ）
- ________ is a discipline that studies the correspondence between signs and symbols and their meaning. （ ）
- LOHAS is a segment of consumers who worry about the environment, want products to be produced in a sustainable way, and spend money to advance what they see as their personal development and potential. （ ）
- Rules of conduct that guide actions in the marketplace are called ________. （ ）
- Sustainability and green marketing are the same thing.（ ）
- Cause marketing is the same as social marketing. （ ）
- Which of the following values is most associated with materialists? （ ）
- According to the definition of consumer behavior, how a consumer disposes of an idea and accepts another is part of consumer behavior. （ ）
- Which marketing philosophy emphasizes interacting with customers on a regular basis and giving them reasons to maintain a bond with a company's brands over time? （ ）
- People often buy products for what they mean, not what they do. （ ）
- A(n) ________ is a person who identifies a need or desire, makes a purchase, and then disposes of a product. （ ）
- Age, gender, and social class are all used ________. （ ）
- Do you like this mini show? 你喜欢这部学生小剧场吗？（ ）
- To what extend does this mini show inspire you to learn this chapter? 这部学生小剧场在多大程度上鼓舞你进行本章的学习？（ ）
答案:对
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答案:错
答案:对
答案:对
答案:对
答案:错
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答案:对
答案:错
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