第一章 The nature, source and purpose of management information：1.Data and information 2.Cost classification and cost behaviour 3.Presenting information1.1Accounting for management:This chapter provides an introduction to Management Accounting. We look at data and information and introduce you to cost accounting and the differences between financial accounting and management accounting. We also outline the managerial processes of planning, control and decision making. The sources of data are covered in the next chapter. Chapters 3a and 3b provide basic information on how costs are classified and how they behave.[单选题]Which of the following is an example of discrete data from a primary source? ( )选项:[A report in a newspaper giving retail sales for the month
1.2Sources of data:In this chapter we will look at types of data and sources of information from within and outside the organisation. Data can be primary or secondary and discrete or continuous. Data can come from various sources other than from the organisation itself. Examples include government, professional associations, financial press, quotations and price lists. Big data is a relatively new concept and will look at what it means. We will finish the chapter by covering various sampling techniques.
1.3Cost classification:The classification of costs as either direct or indirect for example, is essential in the costing method used by an organisation to determine the cost of a unit of product or service. The fixed and variable cost classifications, on the other hand, are important in absorption and marginal costing, and behaviour. You will meet all these topics as we progress through the Interactive Text. This chapter therefore acts as a foundation stone for a number of other chapters in the Text and hence an understanding of the concepts covered in it is vital before you move on.
1.4Cost behaviour:So far in this Text we have introduced you to the subject of management information and explained in general terms what it is and what it does. In Chapter 3 we considered the principal methods of classifying costs. In particular, we introduced the concept of the division of costs into those that vary directly with changes in activity levels (variable costs) and those that do not (fixed costs). This chapter examines further this two-way split of cost behaviour and explains one method of splitting semivariable costs into these two elements, the high-low method.
1.5Presenting information:In this chapter we will look at how the management accountant might present management information. Your syllabus requires you to prepare reports, graphs and tables but this is very difficult to examine in a computer-based exam. The focus, therefore, should be on interpreting reports and understanding what format would be suitable depending on the purpose of the report.
, A colleague's measurement of the distance from the office to the head office
, An eyewitness account of the number of customers
, A website showing the average height for children aged seven
]
[单选题]Which of the following statements is false? ( )选项:[Cost accounting can only be used to provide inventory valuations for internal reporting.
, Management accounting provides information relevant to decision making, planning, control and evaluation of performances.
, Routine information can be used to make decisions regarding both the long term and the short term.
, Financial accounting information can be used for internal reporting purposes.
]
[单选题]Which of the following is not part of the planning stage in the decision-making process? ( )选项:[Identifying goals or objectives
, Identifying ways which might contribute to the achievement of specified objectives
, Deciding on the optimal way in which an objective might be achieved
, Obtaining data about actual results
]
[单选题]Which of the following statements is false? （ ）选项:[The format of management accounts is entirely at management discretion.
, There is no legal requirement to prepare management accounts.
, Limited liability companies must prepare financial accounts.
, Management accounts detail the performance of an organisation over a defined period and the state of affairs at the end of that period.
]
[单选题]Diane carries out routine processing of invoices in the purchasing department of L Co. Joanne is Diane's supervisor. Lesley is trying to decide how many staff will be needed if some proposed new technology is implemented. Tracey is considering the new work that L Co will be able to offer and the new markets it could enter, once the new technology is well established. Which member of L Co carries out tactical activities? ( )选项:[Diane
, Tracey
, Lesley
, Joanne
]
[单选题]Which of the following statements is false? （ ）选项:[There is no legal requirement to prepare management accounts.
, Limited liability companies must prepare financial accounts.
, Management accounts detail the performance of an organisation over a defined period and the state of affairs at the end of that period.
, The format of management accounts is entirely at management discretion.
]
[单选题]Diane carries out routine processing of invoices in the purchasing department of L Co. Joanne is Diane's supervisor. Lesley is trying to decide how many staff will be needed if some proposed new technology is implemented. Tracey is considering the new work that L Co will be able to offer and the new markets it could enter, once the new technology is well established. Which member of L Co carries out tactical activities? ( )选项:[Diane
, Tracey
, Joanne
, Lesley
]
[单选题]Which of the following statements is false? ( )选项:[Routine information can be used to make decisions regarding both the long term and the short term.
, Cost accounting can only be used to provide inventory valuations for internal reporting.
, Management accounting provides information relevant to decision making, planning, control and evaluation of performances.
, Financial accounting information can be used for internal reporting purposes.
]
[单选题]Which of the following is not part of the planning stage in the decision-making process? ( )选项:[Deciding on the optimal way in which an objective might be achieved
, Identifying ways which might contribute to the achievement of specified objectives
, Obtaining data about actual results
, Identifying goals or objectives
]
[单选题]Which of the following is an example of discrete data from a primary source? ( )选项:[A website showing the average height for children aged seven
, A colleague's measurement of the distance from the office to the head office
, A report in a newspaper giving retail sales for the month
, An eyewitness account of the number of customers
]
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