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英语词汇的奥秘
- 副词性后缀-ly可以派生出副词，如kindly和friendly等。
- 表示heart含义的词根cord经过元音音变后有card这一变体形式。
- 早期现代英语中的新增词汇，大部分都是引进的外来词。
- 单词anthropology中的词根anthropo表示man，human，那么这个词的意思是“人类学”。
- If someone examines you, you are the examiner and he or she is the examinee.
- Briton、Britannia等词来自于日耳曼人。
- 一个语素之所以会有不同变体形式，是因为它受一个单词中其它语素发音的影响，会呈现不同的发音形式，但语义保持不变。
- 北欧维京海盗的入侵标志着中古英语的开始。
- The participants in a discussion are the people who participate in it.
- If you are employed by a company, you are one of its employers.
- 单词是不可再分的语言单位。
- The person who conducts an orchestra or choir is called the conducter.
- 单词antecedent中的词根为ced，它和单词ancestor中cest都表示to go的意思。
- 单词patriot中的词根为patri，该词根表示mother。
- 拉丁词根string、strain、strict和stress都表示to draw tight或者to bind， 在英语中都可以独立用作单词。
- Doggy和mummy具有功能及意义完全相同的后缀。
- Your teacher is the person who teaches you.
- 诺曼征服开启了古英语发展的辉煌旅程。
- 与Marxism含义相同的表达是Marxist doctrine。
- 单词forever，eve和longevity中都含有表示“时间”含义的词根ev 。
- When a group of people reache a _____ it has reached a general agreement about a given point.
- 词根meter表示to measure， 从下列选项中选择一个合适的词来完成句子： A _______ measures the number of “feet” that you have walked.
- A _____ keeps someone from doing something against you.
- A _____ person has a strong desire to want a lot of something, especially food.
- 删除一个单词尾部看起来像是后缀的部分而生成一个新词的方法是（ ）。
- The loquacious and _____ politician was favourite among journalists to interview.
- 下列哪个单词表示to accuse; inform against 的意思？
- 有一些有爱心的成功商人将自己的一部分资金捐献出来，成立基金会，如Bill Gates、马云等，帮助贫困地区发展教育。可以用哪个词来描述他们的这一身份？
- We spoke about ____ on the roads.
- 下列哪一个单词表示group of instruments which ‘sound’ together的意思？
- The birds soared ____.
- 前缀eu-表示“good, well”，与它的含义相近的前缀是什么？
- 根据“词根尾部的辅音如果是/t/，那么它的变体形式的尾辅音往往为/s/ ”这一规律，单词extend中表达to stretch，to pull tight等含义的词根tend的变体形式是什么？
- 表达“一目了然”含义的英语习语是（ ）。
- We sponsor a ____ of programs to help new students integrate themselves into the new community.
- 古英语中的拉丁语单词成分，多由（ ）而来。
- 由单词circle和circulate，可推测句子“Today anyone with a middle-class income can safely and easily circumnavigate the globe in just forty-eight hours”中的circumnavigate的意思是（ ）.
- 下列哪个单词表示to break down naturally through the action of biological agents？
- 单词England和English与下面哪个部族的名字密切相关？
- 单词distort中，前缀dis-表示away，词根tort 表示twist，句子“His words had been distorted by the reporters”中，distort的近义词是（ ）。
- 下列选项中，哪些后缀可以附加在动词性词根后，表动作行为的过程、状态或结果？
- 单词prospect中，前缀pro-表示forward，prospect表示“前景，展望”，由此可推测词根“spect”的意思，下列错误的是（ ）
- 前缀under-可以表示方位含义“在……下面”，下面哪些词中的under-表示此方位含义？
- 下列哪些词词性相同？
- 下列哪些单词是首字母拼音词？
- 下面哪些单词不是首字母拼读词？
- 下列哪些选项可以用作词根？
- 词根man表示hand，在词根后增加元音，有mani、manu等变体形式。下列哪些单词含有这个词根或者其变体形式？
- 运用复合法构成的单词是（ ）
- 下列选项中，哪些语素表示数量？
- 前缀pro-为多义词缀，它的含义有（ ）
- 下列哪些前缀在表示方位含义上同义？
- An orator is very good at speaking in public, persurading others into believing him.下面哪类人可以被称作orators？
- 词根cred的变体形式为credit，它不符合下面哪些音变规律？
- Which of the following are biodegradable?
- 下列词根都表示to draw tight或者to bind，哪些可以在英语中直接独立成词？
- 下列哪些构词法是将一个复杂表达缩短构词的方法？
- 词根carn表示flesh或者meat，中国哪些传统节日活动可以看作是carnival？
- 下面选项中哪些单词含有表示“to cut”含义的词根？
- Which of the following things are portable?
Everybody sleeps, but what people stay up late to catch—or wake up early in order not to miss—varies by culture. From data collected, it seems the things that cause us to lose the most sleep, on average, are sporting events, time changes, and holidays.
Around the world, people changed sleep patterns thanks to the start or end of daylight savings time. Russians, for example, began to wake up about a half-hour later each day after President Vladimir Putin shifted the country permanently to “winter time” starting on October 26.
Russia’s other late nights and early mornings generally correspond to public holidays. On New Year’s Eve, Russians have the world’s latest bedtime, hitting the hay at around 3:30 am.
Russians also get up an hour later on International Women’s Day, the day for treating and celebrating female relatives.
Similarly, Americans’ late nights late mornings, and longest sleeps fall on three-day weekends.
Canada got the least sleep of the year the night it beat Sweden in the Olympic hockey (冰球) final.
The World Cup is also chiefly responsible for sleep deprivation (剥夺). The worst night for sleep in the U.K. was the night of the England-Italy match on June 14. Brits stayed up a half-hour later to watch it, and then they woke up earlier than usual the next morning thanks to summer nights, the phenomenon in which the sun barely sets in northern countries in the summertime. That was nothing, though, compared to Germans, Italians, and the French, who stayed up around an hour and a half later on various days throughout the summer to watch the Cup.
It should be made clear that not everyone has a device to record their sleep patterns, and in some of these nations, it’s likely that only the richest people do. And people who elect to track their sleep may try to get more sleep than the average person. Even if that’s the case, though, the above findings are still striking. If the most health-conscious among us have such deep swings in our shut-eye levels throughout the year, how much sleep are the rest of us losing?
In 19th- and 20th- century Britain the experience of homesickness began at an even earlier age, when sons of the aristocracy were torn from the family hearth and sent to boarding school at the age of seven. Even today there are stories of boys in school dormitories crying themselves to sleep for want of a mother’s hug, boys who then grew up to be heartless politicians and ruthless captains of industry. Nowadays, homesickness is usually first experienced when teenagers leave home and go to college. Students are even cautioned not to contact their parents too often during the first few weeks, in order to avoid provoking too much attachment.
So is homesickness just associated with a lack of maturity? In fact, literary references to homesickness can be found in Homer’s Odyssey. The modern term was coined in the 17th century to describe the feelings of Swiss mercenaries who missed their homeland while fighting elsewhere in Europe. They were even banned from singing Swiss songs, which were considered a threat to their skills and courage. It used to be seen as a dangerous disease that people could die from.
During the 18th and 19th centuries, it was considered virtuous to miss your home, especially for women. During the Civil War, soldiers who showed symptoms of combat stress were diagnosed as suffering from “nostalgia”, or severe homesickness. Immigrants still create and live in their own communities, to cope with their homesickness.
But in recent years, we’ve been more willing to talk about it. They reveal how favorite pieces of music or food can launch them into floods of tears. For professional exiles, homesickness is acknowledged as part of culture shock, a stage everyone goes through sooner or later after the initial enthusiasm for one’s new surroundings. Acknowledging that one is homesick may help avoid the risk of anxiety and depression.
Homesickness is both a painful longing to be back home, and an extremely common occurrence. It’s not immature or something to be ashamed of. Maybe, just maybe, it’s when your parents die that you make your own home, that you no longer have to suppress your feelings of homesickness. Can you finally indulge in your strong feelings for your own home?
A:错 B:对
答案:错
A:对 B:错
答案:对
A:对 B:错
答案:错
A:对 B:错
答案:对
A:对 B:错
答案:Increase in a liability results in a credit to the liability account._Incurring an expense results in a debit to the expense account._Decrease in a liability results in a debit to the liability account.AI参考:这道题的答案是B：错。因为题目中说的是“如果你被别人检查，那么你就是检查者，而对方则是被检查者”，这明显是颠倒了两者之间的关系，应该是“如果你检查别人，那么你就是检查者，而对方则是检查对象”。因此，正确答案是B：错。'
A:错 B:对
A:对 B:错
A:错 B:对
A:对 B:错
A:对 B:错
A:错 B:对
A:对 B:错
A:对 B:错
A:对 B:错
A:对 B:错
A:对 B:错
A:错 B:对
AI参考:B:对。解释：题目中的句子“Your teacher is the person who teaches you”是一个正确的陈述，表示老师是教导你的人。因此，答案是B，表示该句子是正确的。'
A:错 B:对
A:错 B:对
A:对 B:错
A:consensus B:sensitive C:sensational D:sentimental
A:biped B:pedology C:pedal D:pedometer
A:deterrent B:terrotist C:terror D:terrific
AI参考:正确答案是A.deterrent。题干中提到一个因素可以阻止某人做对你不利的事情，而deterrent是阻止某人做某事的形容词，符合题意。terrotist是恐怖分子，terror是恐怖，terrific是极好的，都不符合题意。因此，答案是A。'
A:voracious B:devour C:carnivore D:herbivorous
AI参考:正确答案是A. voracious根据句意和语境可知，题干描述的是“一个人非常渴望很多东西，尤其是食物”的特征，因此应该选择形容词“voracious”，表示“贪婪的、贪吃的”。而选项B“devour”意为“狼吞虎咽地吃”，不符合语境；选项C“carnivore”意为“食肉动物”，与题干中的“食物”不符；选项D“herbivorous”意为“食草动物”，也不符合题意。因此，正确答案是A。'
A:逆构法 B:截短法 C:词缀法 D:后缀法
A:elocution B:colloquial C:eloquent D:interlocution
A:denounce B:announce C:pronounce D:renounce
A:philanthropist B:politician C:profiteer D:economist
A:safe B:safely C:saference D:safety
AI参考:正确答案是【D:safety】。safety安全的意思，为名词，句子中是介词about的宾语，safely副词修饰动词spoke，saference错误，safecake蛋糕的意思。故选D。'
A:megaphone B:symphony C:microphone D:euphonious
A:skyfully B:skywards C:skyful D:skyly
A:anti- B:mal- C:bene- D:pro-
A:tenx B:tenz C:teng D:tens
AI参考:表达“一目了然”含义的英语习语是“It is clear at a glance”。这个习语的意思是在一眼看过去的时候就能够清楚地看到事物的本质或情况。'
A:various B:variety C:variation D:varied
A:与罗马的商业往来 B:基督教会的传教 C:古罗马军队的入侵 D:日耳曼人的入侵
AI参考:正确答案是【B:基督教会的传教】。古英语中的拉丁语单词成分主要来源于基督教会的传教活动，当时基督教会的传教士为了向不列颠岛的居民传授教义，不得不借助当地的口头语言进行讲解，因此在英语中产生了大量的拉丁语词汇。其他选项如罗马的商业往来、古罗马军队的入侵、日耳曼人的入侵虽然也影响了英语的发展，但与拉丁语单词成分的来源关系不大。'
A:宇宙飞行 B:环球航行 C:水上旅行 D:陆上旅行
A:biopsy B:biomass C:biodiversity D:biodegrade
A:Angles B:Norse C:Jutes D:Saxons
A:justified B:falsified C:dissatisified D:disconnected
A:-ion B:-age C:-ness D: -ment
A:to walk B:to see C:to listen D:to say
A:underwater B:underdeveloped C:underground D:underwear
A:beautify B:hearten C:modernize D:maiden
AI参考:正确选项为B:hearten 和 C:modernize，这两个词都是动词，而 A:beautify 和 D:maiden 一个是动词，一个是名词。 具体来说，B选项中的hearten是动词，意为“使振奋”，C选项中的modernize是动词，意为“使现代化”。 A选项中的beautify虽然是动词，但其主要的用法偏向于“美化”，有时也可作为名词使用。D选项的maiden是个名词，意为“处女地”、“少女”。 所以答案是 B 和 C 选项的词性相同，都是动词。
A:NATO B:BBC C:UNESCO D:NASA
A:SARS B:AIDS C:IELTS D:DPRK
A:-er B:pre- C:man D:demo
A:manage B:manhood C:manifest D:manuscript
A:autocamp B:forget-me-not C:ash tray D:sunflower
AI参考:正确选项为 D:sunflower。 复合法是指将两个或多个词组合在一起形成一个新的单词的方法。选项 A 中的 autocamp 不是一个完整的单词，无法确定其含义。选项 B 中的 forget-me-not 是一个合成词，由 forget 和 me 两个词组成，表示一种花名。选项 C 中的 ash tray 是一个复合词，由 ash 和 tray 两个词组成，表示烟灰缸。而选项 D 中的 sunflower 是一个由 sun 和 flower 两个词组成的复合词，表示向日葵。因此，选项 D 是运用复合法构成的单词。"
A:semi- B:cent C:mono- D:centr
A:程度：不足 B:时间：以前的 C:方位：向前 D:态度：赞成
AI参考:正确选项为：A:程度：不足 B:时间：以前的 前缀pro-的含义有： * 程度：pro-表示“向前”时，可以引申为“超前”的意思，即“程度”的前面加上pro-表示程度的“不足”。 * 时间：在某些语言中，pro-可以表示“以前的”，如英语中的“prologue”（序言）等。 * 赞成：在某些语言中，pro-也可以作为名词或形容词，表示“赞成”或“支持”的意思。但这个含义并不是前缀pro-的本义，而是它的引申含义。 因此，前缀pro-的含义有程度不足和时间以前的含义。其他选项C和D不是前缀pro-的常见含义。"
A:in- B:extra- C:intra- D:inter-
A:美国参与总统竞选竞选发表演说的人 B:辩论赛的辩手们 C:人际交流障碍者 D:法庭里的控辩双方的律师们
A:词根尾部的辅音如果是/t/，那么它的变体形式的尾辅音往往为/s/ B:在词根后加音节-at，-et，-it 或者-ut，形成它的变体 C:两个单词语音相近，则其语义很可能相同或者相近 D:词根尾部如果是除了/t/、/d/、/r/、/b/、/g/外的其他辅音，那么它的变体形式是在词根后加/t/音
A:fallen apples B:tree leaves C:cotton clothes D:plastic bags
AI参考:正确选项是B:tree leaves。 树叶子是可以被生物降解的，而其他选项中的苹果、棉花衣服和塑料袋都是不可生物降解的。因此，只有树叶子是符合要求的选项。"
A:strain B:string C:strict D:stress
A:词缀法 B:首字母缩略词法 C:拼缀法 D:截短法
A:春节的庙会 B:端午节的龙舟竞赛 C:中秋节的赏月 D:清明节的扫墓
A:fraction B:section C:anatomy D:precise
A:flower B:house C:book D:mobile phone
AI参考:正确选项是D:mobile phone 原文中提到的是“Which of the following things are portable?”，即以下哪些东西是便携式的。而选项D中的mobile phone指的是手机，手机是一种可以随身携带的通讯工具，因此符合“便携式”的特点。而选项A中的flower、B中的house和C中的book都不具备随身携带的特点，因此不符合题目要求。"
AI参考:Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A. Russians wake up earlier than Americans on New Years Day. B. People in different countries have different sleep patterns. C. People in different countries have the same sleep patterns. D. The most health-conscious among us have less sleep than the average person. 正确答案是：B. People in different countries have different sleep patterns. 文章中提到，不同的国家睡眠模式不同，根据数据收集，平均来说，导致我们失去最多睡眠的是体育赛事、时间变化和假期。因此，不同国家的人有不同的睡眠模式。所以选项B是正确的。选项A和C与文章内容不符，选项D没有在文章中提到。"
AI参考:Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage? A. Homesickness is a painful longing to be back home. B. Homesickness is associated with a lack of maturity. C. Homesickness is a universal emotion that everyone experiences. D. Homesickness is an emotion that people often suppress. 正确答案是：C. Homesickness is a universal emotion that everyone experiences. 文章主要讲述了人们对乡愁的认识和感受，强调乡愁是一种普遍的情感，每个人都会经历，无需羞愧或抑制。因此，选项C“乡愁是一种普遍的情感，每个人都会经历”最能概括文章主旨。选项A和B都过于片面，只涉及了乡愁的一部分含义；选项D则与文章内容不符。因此，正确答案是C。"
