1.For hospitals that dispose of waste on their own premises, the optimum treatment method is
A:incineration
B:compaction
C:sterilization
D:hydropulping
答案:incineration
2.People are now living longer than ever beforefor many different reasons.
A:The people in this region do not seem togain anything from medical science.
B:Some people in the Soviet Union’s CaucasusMountains live to be over 100 years of age
C:No one seems to understand this phenomenon.
D:Advances in medical science have donewonders for longevity.
答案:Advances in medical science have donewonders for longevity.
3.According to the passage, two effective methods for treating waste caused by infectious matter are
A:hydropulping and steam sterilization
B:incineration and compaction
C:hydropulping and incineration
D:steam sterilization and incineration
答案:steam sterilization and incineration
4.Gary is a distinguished looking man with atouch of gray at the temples. Even in his early50s, he still turns heads. He enjoys spendingmost of his time admiring his profile in themirror. In fact, he considers his good looks tobe his second-most important asset. The first,however, is money. He is lucky in this area,too, having been born into a wealthy family.__________. He loves the power his wealthhas given him. He could buy whatever hedesires, whether that be people, places, orthings. Gary checks that mirror often and feelsgreat delight with what he sees.
A:The only objects of Gary’s respect are others who hold positions in society above him.
B:Conceit is the beginning and the end of Gary’s character; conceit of person and situation.
C:Gary feels blessed to be wealthy and the joyconsumes his every thought
D:. Gary’s gray hair is his worst characteristic.
答案:Conceit is the beginning and the end of Gary’s character; conceit of person and situation.
5.Critical reading is a demanding process. To readcritically, you must slow down your reading and,with pencil in hand, perform specific operationson the text. Mark up the text with your reactions,conclusions, and questions. When you read,become an active participant This paragraph best supports the statement that
A:. critical reading is a slow, dull, but essentialprocess
B:critical reading requires thoughtful andcareful attention
C:critical reading should take place at thesame time each day
D:the best critical reading happens at criticaltimes in a person’s life
E:readers should get in the habit of question?ing the truth of what they read.
答案:critical reading requires thoughtful andcareful attention
6.The composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart’s remarkable musical talent was apparent even before most children can sing a simple nursery rhyme.Wolfgang’s older sister Maria Anna (who the family called Nannerl) was learning the clavier, an early keyboard instrument, when her three-year-old brother took an interest in playing. As Nannerl later recalled, Wolfgang “often spent much time at the clavier picking out thirds, which he was always striking, and his pleasure showed that it sounded good.” Their father Leopold, an assistant concertmaster at the Salzburg Court, recognized his children’s unique gifts and soon devoted himself to their musical education. Born in Salzburg, Austria, on January 27, 1756, Wolfgang had composed his first original work by age five. Leopold planned to take Nannerl and Wolfgang on tour to play before the European courts. Their first venture was to nearby Munich where the children played for Maximillian III Joseph, elector of Bavaria. Leopold soon set his sights on the capital of the Hapsburg Empire, Vienna. On their way to Vienna,the family stopped in Linz,where Wolfgang gave his first public concert. By this time, Wolfgang was not only a virtuoso harpsichord player, but he had also mastered the violin. The audience at Linz was stunned by the six-year-old, and word of his genius soon traveled to Vienna. In a much anticipated concert, the Mozart children appeared at the Schonbrunn Palace on October 13, 1762. They utterly charmed the emperor and empress. Following this success, Leopold was inundated with invitations for the children to play, for a fee. Leopold seized the opportunity and booked as many concerts as possible at courts throughout Europe. A concert could last three hours,and the children played at least two per a day. Today, Leopold might be considered the worst kind of stage parent,but at the time,it was not uncommon for prodigies to make extensive concert tours.Even so,it was an exhausting schedule for a child who was just past the age of needing an afternoon nap. Based on information found in the passage, Mozart can best be described as
A:the greatest composer of the eighteenth century.
B:a child prodigy.
C:a workaholic.
D:a victim of his father’s ambition.
答案:a child prodigy.
7.choose the sentence thatdoes NOT support the given topic sentence.In Moby Dick, Herman Melville wrote that thewhale men were “enveloped in whale lines,”that each man relied on the others duringmoments of danger
A:. Once the whale was harpooned, the whaleline unraveled so fast that water had to bepoured on it to keep it from smoking.
B:One wrong move and the line would snap aman right out of the boat; thus, his lifedepended on whether the crew would cutthe whale loose to save him, or leave him inthe ocean during the heat of the hunt.
C:. The small boats that pursued the whales left the whaling ship far behind; each manin a boat had to depend on the others tostay alive.
D:. The whale line was the rope, dozens ofyards long, that attached to the harpoon;it was raveled under the seats of all the men metaphorically connecting each manto the next.
答案:. Once the whale was harpooned, the whaleline unraveled so fast that water had to bepoured on it to keep it from smoking.
8.Once people wore garlic around their necks to ward off disease. Today, most Americans would scoff at the idea of wearing a necklace of garlic cloves to enhance their well-being.However,you might find a number of Americans willing to ingest capsules ofpulverized garlic or other herbal supplements in the name of health. Complementary and alternative medicine, which includes a range of practices outside of conventional medicine such as herbs,homeopathy,massage therapy,yoga,and acupuncture,hold increasing appeal for Americans.In fact,according to one estimate,42% ofAmericans have used alternative therapies.In all age groups,the use of unconventional healthcare practices has steadily increased in the last 30 years, and the trend is likely to continue, although people born before 1945 are the least likely to turn to these therapies.Why have so many patients turned to alternative therapies? Many are frustrated by the time constraints of managed care and alienated by conventional medicine’s focus on technology. Others feel that a holistic approach to healthcare better reflects their beliefs and values.Others seek therapies that relieve symptoms associated with chronic disease;symptoms that mainstream medicine cannot treat. Some alternative therapies have even crossed the line into mainstream medicine, as scientific investigation has confirmed their safety and efficacy. For example, physicians may currently prescribe acupuncture for pain management or to control the nausea associated with chemotherapy. Additionally, many U.S. medical schools teach courses in alternative therapies,and many health insurance companies offer some alternative medicine benefits.According to the passage,which practice would not be defined as alternative medicine?
A:taking herbal garlic supplements
B:massage therapy
C:pain management
D:acupuncture
答案:pain management
9.Use of electronic mail (e-mail) has been widespread for more than a decade.E-mail simplifies the flow of ideas, connects people from distant offices, eliminates the need for meetings, and often boosts productivity.However,e-mail should be carefully managed to avoid unclear and inappropriate communication. E-mail messages should be concise and limited to one topic.When complex issues need to be addressed,phone calls are still best.Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the passage?
A:Appropriate Use of E-Mail
B:E-Mail:The Ideal Form of Communication
C:E-Mail’s Popularity
D:Why Phone Calls Are Better Than E-Mail
答案:Appropriate Use of E-Mail
10.The hairs themselves are very sensitive.
A:A cat’s whiskers are among the most perfectorgans of touch
B:. The roots contain highly sensitive nerveendings.
C:This is most important for a cat that doesits prowling at night.
D:. Serving as feelers, they aid the cat’s abilityto move in the dark
答案:A cat’s whiskers are among the most perfectorgans of touch
11.Native American art often incorporates a language of abstract visual symbols.The artist gives a poetic message to the viewer, communicating the beauty of an idea, either by using religious symbols or a design from nature such as rain on leaves or sunshine on water.The idea communicated may even be purely whimsical, in which case the artist might start out with symbols developed from a bird’s tracks or a child’s toy. The main idea of the passage is that Native American art
A:communicates the beauty of ideas through the use of symbols.
B:is purely poetic and dreamlike.
C:is usually abstract,although it can also be poetic and beautiful.
D:is sometimes purely whimsical.
A:outside at least one of the bedrooms on any level of the home. B:in all hallways of a home. C:in kitchens where fires are most likely to start. D:outside all bedrooms in a home. 13.There is no instruction by the old bird in themovements of flight; no conscious imitationby the young.
A:. Young birds brought up in artificial envi?ronments will build the proper kind of nestfor their species when the time comes. B:. Young birds frequently make their firstflights with their parents out of sight C:. More extraordinary than the fact that a birdis able to fly untaught, is that it is able tobuild a nest untaught D:The most obvious way in which birds differfrom humans in behavior is that they cando all that they have to do, without everbeing taught. 14.Saving energy means saving money.Homeowners and renters know this basic fact,but they often don’t know what kinds of adjustments they can make in their homes and apartments that will result in savings. For those willing to spend some time and money to reap long-term energy savings, an energy audit is the way to go. An energy auditor will come into your home and assess its energy efficiency.The auditor will pinpoint areas of your home that use the most energy and offer solutions to lower your energy use and costs. Trained energy auditors know what to look for and can locate a variety of flaws that may be resulting in energy inefficiency,including inadequate insulation,construction flaws,and uneven heat distribution. There are quicker and less costly measures that can be taken as well.One way to save moneyis to replace incandescent lights with fluorescents. This can result in a savings of more than 50% on your monthly lighting costs. When it’s time to replace old appliances,it’s wise to spend a bit more for an energy-efficient model,and be sure that you are taking advantage of energy-saving settings already on your current refrigerator, dishwasher, washing machine, or dryer. Windows provide another opportunity to cut your energy costs. Caulk old windows that might be leaky to prevent drafts, and choose double-paned windows if you’re building an addition or replacing old windows. Most areas of your home or apartment offer opportunities to save energy and money. The results are significant and are well worth the effort.217. Which two main organizational schemes can be identified in this passage? a. hierarchical order and order by topic b. order by topic and cause and effect c. hierarchical order and chronological order d. chronological order and compare and contrast218. Which of the following ideas is NOT included in this passage? a. You can reduce your $130 monthly lighting costs to $65 by using fluorescent bulbs instead of incandescent. b. Double-paned windows can cut energy costs. c. Your local energy company will send an energy auditor at your request. d. Some appliances have energy-saving settings.–NONFICTION AND INFORMATION PASSAGES–47219. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of this passage? a. There are many things a homeowner or renter can do to save energy and money. b. Hiring an energy auditor will save energy and money. c. Homeowners and renters don’t know what they can do to save energy and money. d. Replacing windows and light bulbs are well worth the effort and cost.220. According to the passage,which of the following would an energy auditor NOT do? a. Check for construction flaws. b. Look for problems with heat distribution. c. Offer solutions to lower your energy costs. d. Locate a variety of flaws that may result in energy inefficiency and fix them.221. According the passage,double-paned windows a. are energy efficient. b. should only be used as replacement windows. c. should only be used in new additions to homes. d. will lower your heating costs by 50%.
A:should only be used in new additions to homes. B:will lower your heating costs by 50%. C:should only be used as replacement windows. D:are energy efficient. 15.The Daylight Saving Time Energy Act of 1973 was responsible for
A:preserving and setting Daylight Saving Time across the continent B:instituting five time zones in the United States C:extending Daylight Saving Time in the interest of energy conservation D:conserving energy by giving the Department of Transportation authority over time laws 16.According to the passage, Milton Hershey sold his caramel company in
A:1905 B:1894 C:1900 D:1904 17.This passage is best described as
A:a statement supporting the value of federal social policies B:a condemnation of outdated beliefs C:a polite response to controversial issues D:an account of the causes and effects of a major event 18.One New York publisher has estimated that50,000 to 60,000 people in the United States wantan anthology that includes the complete works ofWilliam Shakespeare. And what accounts for thisrenewed interest in Shakespeare? As scholarspoint out, the psychological insights he portraysin both male and female characters are amazingeven today.This paragraph best supports the statement that
A:. academic scholars are putting together ananthology of Shakespeare’s work. B:. Shakespeare was a psychiatrist as well as aplaywright. C:. Shakespeare’s characters are more interest?ing than fictional characters today D:people today are interested in Shakespeare’swork because of the characters E:New Yorkers have a renewed interested inthe work of Shakespeare. 19.The term policies, as it is used in paragraph 2, most nearly means
A:practices B:laws C:theories D:examples 20.In his famous study of myth, The Hero with a Thousand Faces, Joseph Campbell writes about the archetypal hero who has ventured outside the boundaries of the village and, after many trials and adventures, has returned with the boon that will save or enlighten his fellows. Like Carl Jung, Campbell believes that the story of the hero is part of the collective unconscious of all humankind. He likens the returning hero to the sacred or tabooed personage described by James Frazier in The Golden Bough. Such an individual must, in many instances of myth, be insulated from the rest of society, “not merely for his own sake but for the sake of others; for since the virtue of holi- ness is, so to say, a powerful explosive which the smallest touch can detonate, it is necessary in the interest of the general safety to keep it within narrow bounds.”There is between the arche- typal hero who has journeyed into the wilderness and the poet who has journeyed into the realm of imagination. Both places are dangerous and full of wonders, and both, at their deepest levels, are journeys that take place in the kingdom of the unconscious mind, a place that, in Campbell’s words, “goes down into unsuspected Aladdin caves. There are not only jewels but dangerous jinn abide . . . ”Based on the passage, which of the following would best describe the hero’s journey?
A:whimsical B:awesome C:terrifying D:wonderful 21.Remember that much scientific and technical writing deals with cold, hard, explicit facts. This means that, with close reading, you stand a good chance of answer- ing most, if not all, of the questions with confidence.No longer is asthma considered a condition with isolated, acute episodes of bronchospasm. Rather, asthma is now understood to be a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways—that is, inflammation makes the airways chronically sen- sitive. When these hyperresponsive airways are irritated, airflow is limited, and attacks of cough- ing, wheezing, chest tightness, and breathing difficulty occur.Asthma involves complex interactions among inflammatory cells, mediators, and the cells and tissues in the airways. The interactions result in airflow limitation from acute bron- choconstriction, swelling of the airway wall, increased mucus secretion, and airway remodel- ing. The inflammation also causes an increase in airway responsiveness. During an asthma attack, the patient attempts to compensate by breathing at a higher lung volume in order to keep the air flowing through the constricted airways, and the greater the airway limitation, the higher the lung volume must be to keep airways open. The mor- phologic changes that occur in asthma include bronchial infiltration by inflammatory cells. Key effector cells in the inflammatory response are the mast cells, T lymphocytes, and eosinophils. Mast cells and eosinophils are also significant partici- pants in allergic responses, hence the similarities between allergic reactions and asthma attacks. Other changes include mucus plugging of the airways, interstitial edema, and microvascular leakage. Destruction of bronchial epithelium and thickening of the subbasement membrane is also characteristic. In addition, there may be hyper- trophy and hyperplasia of airway smooth muscle, increase in goblet cell number, and enlargement of submucous glands.Although causes of the initial tendency toward inflammation in the airways of patients with asthma are not yet certain, to date the strongest identified risk factor is atopy. This inherited familial tendency to have allergic reac- tions includes increased sensitivity to allergens that are risk factors for developing asthma. Some of these allergens include domestic dust mites, animals with fur, cockroaches, pollens, and molds. Additionally, asthma may be triggered by viral respiratory infections, especially in children. By avoiding these allergens and triggers, a person with asthma lowers his or her risk of irritating sensitive airways. A few avoidance techniques include: keeping the home clean and well venti- lated, using an air conditioner in the summer months when pollen and mold counts are high, and getting an annual influenza vaccination. Of course, asthma sufferers should avoid tobacco smoke altogether. Cigar, cigarette, or pipe smoke is a trigger whether the patient smokes or inhales the smoke from others. Smoke increases the risk of allergic sensitization in children, increases the severity of symptoms, and may be fatal in chil- dren who already have asthma. Many of the risk factors for developing asthma may also provoke asthma attacks, and people with asthma may have one or more triggers, which vary from individual to individual. The risk can be further reduced by taking medications that decrease airway inflam- mation. Most exacerbations can be prevented by the combination of avoiding triggers and taking anti-inflammatory medications. An exception is physical activity, which is a common trigger of exacerbations in asthma patients. However, asthma patients should not necessarily avoid all physical exertion, because some types of activity have been proven to reduce symptoms. Rather, they should work in conjunction with a doctor to design a proper training regimen, which includes the use of medication.In order to diagnose asthma, a healthcare professional must appreciate the underlying dis- order that leads to asthma symptoms and understand how to recognize the condition through information gathered from the patient’s history, physical examination, measurements of lung function, and allergic status. Because asthma symptoms vary throughout the day, the respiratory system may appear normal during physical examination. Clinical signs are more likely to be present when a patient is experienc- ing. What is the reason given in this article for why passive smoke should be avoided by children?
A:Smoke can heighten the intensity of asthma symptoms. B:Breathing smoke can lead to a fatal asthma attack. C:Smoke can stunt an asthmatic child’s growth. D:A smoke-filled room is a breeding ground for viral respiratory infections. 22.Reality TV shows will have an adverse effect ontraditional dramas and comedies. As Reality TVincreases in popularity, network executives willbegin canceling more traditional programs andreplacing them with the latest in Reality TV. This paragraph best supports the statementthat
A:network executives make hasty and unwisedecisions. B:Reality TV shows get the highest ratings C:. as Reality TV gets more popular, more traditional television shows may be threatened. D:. Reality TV is low quality E:more and more people love to watch andparticipate in Reality TV. 23.One of the most common injuries teenagers andadults experience is a sprained ankle. A sprainoccurs when the ligaments of a joint are twistedand possibly torn. Ligaments are bands of stringyfibers that hold the bones of a joint in position. Asprain can occur from a sudden wrenching at thejoint, or a stretching or tearing of the fibers of theligaments. The injured area usually swells andbecomes black and blue. Stepping off the sidewalkat the wrong angle or having one foot land in ahole while jogging can leave you rolling on theground in agony with an ankle on fire! If youcannot walk without experiencing intense pain,you must seek medical help. If the pain is man ageable, and you can walk, here are three words tohelp you remember how to treat yourself:■ Elevate■ Cool■ BandageAs soon as there is injury to that ligament,there will be a certain amount of bleeding underthe skin. Once the blood pools around the dam aged blood vessels, inflammation and swellingoccur. The pressure from the swelling results inadditional stress and tenderness to the region. Inorder to minimize the degree of swelling, lie downas soon as possible and keep the ankle elevated sothat it is actually higher than your heart. Next, toshrink the blood vessels and keep bleeding (hencebruising) to a minimum, apply a cold pack. After20 minutes, take the pack off, wait half an hour,and then reapply. This can be done several timesa day for a total of three days.Never leave a cold pack on for more than 20minutes at a time. Reducing the temperature inthat area for an extended period of time signalsthe body to increase blood flow to raise the bodytemperature! Therefore, one inadvertently trig gers more blood distribution to the affected areaby leaving a cold pack on for too long! Finally,bandage the ankle. Be careful not to wind it tootightly; doing so can restrict blood flow and causeharm to the entire foot. It can be inferred that the black-and-bluesymptom of the sprain is due to
A:bleeding under the skin. B:dirt ground into the wound from the fall. C:too tight of a bandage. D:torn fibers of ligaments. 24.THE FUJITA–PEARSONTORNADO INTENSITY SCALECLASSIFICATION WIND SPEED DAMAGEF0 40–72 mph MildF1 73–112 mph ModerateF2 113–157 mph SignificantF3 158–206 mph SevereF4 207–260 mph DevastatingF5 260–319 mph IncredibleF6 319–379 mph Inconceivable A tornado with a wind speed of 143 mphwould be assigned which classification?
A:F0 B:F2 C:F3 D:F1 25.Keeping busy at important tasks is much moremotivating than having too little to do. Today’semployees are not afraid of responsibility. Mostpeople are willing to take on extra responsibilityin order to have more variety in their positions. Inaddition, along with that responsibility shouldcome more authority to independently carry outsome important tasks.155. The main idea of the paragraph is that
A:to avoid boredom, many people do morework than their jobs require of them. B:office jobs in the past have carried lessresponsibility. C:variety and independence on the jobincrease employee motivation D:today’s employees are demanding moreindependence than ever before. 26.Which one of the following statements is true
A:The coronary balloon angioplasty is a separate procedure from inflating a balloon into a blocked artery B:The risk of dying during an angioplasty procedure is 3–5% C:The plaque that has caused the problem is not removed during angioplasty D:All of the above statements are true 27.Before we learn how to truly love someoneelse, we must learn how to love the face in themirror
A:Don’t be shy about meeting members of theopposite sex B:Learning to accept ourselves for who we arewill teach us how to accept another person. C:Love is not something that lasts unless oneis very lucky D:No one can really love you the way you canlove yourself. 28.One of the missions of the Peace Corps is to helpthe people of interested countries meet their needfor trained men and women. People who work forthe Peace Corps do so because they want to, butto keep the agency dynamic with fresh ideas, nostaff member can work for the agency for morethan five years.136. The paragraph best supports the statementthat Peace Corps employees
A:are hired for a limited term of employment B:are highly intelligent people. C:have both academic and work experience. D:must train for about five years. 29.What is the specific term for the substance capable of triggering an inappropriate or harmful immune response to a harmless substance such as ragweed pollen
A:antigen B:autoimmune disease C:allergen D:microbe 30.Everyone is sensitive to extreme weather condi?tions. But with age, the body may become less ableto respond to long exposure to very hot or verycold temperatures. Some older people mightdevelop hypothermia when exposed to coldweather. Hypothermia is a drop in internal bodytemperature, which can be fatal if not detectedand treated.150. The paragraph best supports the statementthat
A:. older people who live in warm climates are healthier than older people who live incold climates B:. hypothermia is a condition that only affectsolder people. C:cold weather is more dangerous for olderpeople than warm weather D:. an older person is more susceptible tohypothermia than a younger person. 31.Coral reefs are among the most diverse and productive ecosystems on Earth.Consisting of both living and non-living components, this type of ecosystem is found in the warm, clear, shallow waters of tropical oceans worldwide. The functionality of the reefs ranges from providing food and shelter to fish and other forms of marine life to protecting the shore from the ill effects of erosion and putrefaction.In fact,reefs actually create land in tropical areas by formulating islands and contributing mass to continental shorelines. Although coral looks like a plant,it is mainly comprised ofthe limestone skeleton ofa tiny animal called a coral polyp. While corals are the main components of reef structure,they are not the only living participants. Coralline algae cement the myriad corals, and other miniature organisms such as tubeworms and mollusks contribute skeletons to this dense and diverse structure. Together, these living creatures construct many different types of tropical reefs.According to the passage,which of the following statements is NOT true?
A:Coral reefs are good for shorelines in tropical areas. B:Coral reefs are beneficial for fish. C:Coral reefs are composed exclusively of coral. D:Coral reefs contain living and non-living components. 32.Light pollution is a growing problem worldwide. Like other forms of pollution, light pollution degrades the quality ofthe environment.Where it was once possible to look up at the night sky and see thousands of twinkling stars in the inky blackness,one now sees little more than the yellow glare of urban sky-glow.When we lose the ability to connect visually with the vastness of the universe by looking up at the night sky,we lose our connection with something profoundly important to the human spirit,our sense of wonder.The passage implies that the most serious damage done by light pollution is to our
A:sense of physical well-being. B:artistic appreciation. C:spiritual selves. D:cultural advancement. 33.Which of the following statements is true of the U.S. Department of Transportation
A:It oversees all time laws in the United States B:It set standards for DST throughout the world C:It constructed the Uniform Time Act D:It was created by President Richard Nixon 34.The term spices is a pleasant one, whether itconnotes fine French cuisine or a down-home,cinnamon-flavored apple pie. ____________.In the past, individuals traveled the world seek?ing exotic spices for profit and, in searching,have changed the course of history. Indeed, togain control of lands harboring new spices,nations have actually gone to war
A:The taste and aroma of spices are the mainelements that make food such a source offascination and pleasure B:The history of spices, however, is anothermatter altogether, and at times, it can befilled with danger and intrigue. C:The term might equally bring to mindIndian curry made thousands of miles awayand those delicious barbecued ribs sold onthe corner D:It is exciting to find a good cookbook and experiment with spices from otherlands—indeed, it is one way to travelaround the globe! 35.It is well known that the world urgently needsadequate distribution of food, so that everyonegets enough. Adequate distribution of medicineis just as urgent. Medical expertise and medicalsupplies need to be redistributed throughout theworld so that people in emerging nations willhave proper medical care.148. This paragraph best supports the statementthat
A:many people who live in emerging nationsare not receiving proper medical care. B:not enough doctors give time and money tothose in need of medical care. C:the majority of the people in the world haveno medical care. D:medical resources in emerging nations havediminished in the past few years. 36.An ecosystem is a group ofanimals and plants living in a specific region and interacting with one another and with their physical environment. Ecosystems include physical and chemical components, such as soils, water, and nutrients that support the organisms living there.These organisms may range from large animals to microscopic bacteria.Ecosystems also can be thought of as the interactions among all organisms in a given habitat; for instance, one species may serve as food for another. People are part of the ecosystems where they live and work.Human activities can harm or destroy local ecosystems unless actions such as land development for housing or businesses are carefully planned to conserve and sustain the ecology of the area. An important part of ecosystem management involves finding ways to protect and enhance economic and social well-being while protecting local ecosystems.An ecosystem can most accurately be defined as a
A:community. B:habitat. C:geographical area. D:protected environment. 37.On February 3,1956,Autherine Lucy became the first African-American student to attend the University ofAlabama,although the dean of women refused to allow Autherine to live in a university dormitory. White students rioted in protest of her admission,and the federal government had to assume command of the Alabama National Guard in order to protect her.Nonetheless,on her first day in class,Autherine bravely took a seat in the front row. She remembers being surprised that the professor of the class appeared not to notice she was even in class. Later, she would appreciate his seeming indifference, as he was one of only a few professors to speak out in favor of her right to attend the university. For protection,Autherine was taken in and out of classroom buildings by the back door and driven from class to class by an assistant to the university president. The students continued to riot, and one day, the windshield of the car she was in was broken.University officials suspended her, saying it was for her own safety. When her attorney issued a statement in her name protesting her suspension, the university used it as grounds for expelling her for insubordination. Although she never finished her education at the University ofAlabama,Autherine Lucy’s courage was an inspiration to African-American students who followed her lead and desegregated universities all over the United States.According to the passage,what did Autherine Lucy do on her first day at the University of Alabama?
A:She sat in the front row of her class. B:She moved into a dormitory. C:She was befriended by an assistant to the university president. D:She became terrified of the white rioters. 38.Book clubs are a great way to meet new friends or keep in touch with old ones,while keeping up on your reading and participating in lively and intellectually stimulating discussions.If you’re interested in starting a book club,you should consider the following options and recommendations. The first thing you’ll need are members. Before recruiting,think carefully about how manypeople you want to participate and also what the club’s focus will be.For example,some book clubs focus exclusively on fiction, others read nonfiction.Some are even more specific,focusing only on a particular genre such as mysteries, science fiction, or romance. Others have a more flexible and open focus.All ofthese possibilities can make for a great club, but it is important to decide on a focus at the outset so the guidelines will be clear to the group and prospective member. After setting the basic parameters, recruitment can begin.Notify friends and family,advertise in the local newspaper, and hang flyers on bulletin boards in local stores,colleges,libraries, and bookstores. When enough people express interest,schedule a kick-offmeeting during which decisions will be made about specific guidelines that will ensure the club runs smoothly. This meeting will need to establish where the group will meet (rotating homes or a public venue such as a library or coffee shop);how often the group will meet, and on what day of the week and at what time; how long the meetings will be; how books will be chosen and by whom;who will lead the group (ifanyone);and whether refreshments will be served and if so,who will supply them.By the end of this meeting, these guidelines should be set and a book selection and date for the first official meeting should be finalized. Planning and running a book club is not without challenges,but when a book club is run effectively, the experience can be extremely rewarding for everyone involved.Which of the following organizational patterns is the main one used in the passage?
A:Starting your own book club is better than joining an existing one. B:When starting and running a book club,a casual approach is risky. C:Smaller groups are better for a variety of reasons. D:The social aspect of book clubs is more important than the intellectual. 39.Notice 1All drivers are responsible for refueling their vehiclesat the end of each shift. All other routine mainte nance should be performed by maintenance department personnel, who are also responsiblefor maintaining service records. If a driver believesa vehicle is in need of mechanical repair, the drivershould fill out the pink repair requisition formand give it to the shift supervisor. The drivershould also notify the shift supervisor verballywhether, in the driver’s opinion, the vehicle mustbe repaired immediately or may be driven untilthe end of the shift.The passage implies that the vehicles
A:have the oil changed every 1,000 miles. B:are refueled at the end of every shift. C:are in frequent need of repair. D:are refueled when they have less than half atank of gas. 40.The first paragraph of the passage deals mainly with which of the following effects of the atmosphere on the earth
A:its sheltering effect B:its reviving effect C:its invigorating effect D:its cleansing effect 41.The immune cells and other cells in the body coexist peaceably in a state known as
A:self-tolerance. B:harmony. C:equilibrium. D:tolerance 42.Many cities haves distributed standardized recy?cling containers to all households with directionsthat read:“We would prefer that you use this newcontainer as your primary recycling container asthis will expedite pick-up of recyclables. Addi?tional recycling containers may be purchasedfrom the City.”143. According to the directions, which of the fol?lowing is true about the new containers?
A:The new containers hold more than the oldcontainers did B:The new containers are less expensive thanthe old containers. C:The new containers are far better thanother containers in every way. D:. The new containers will help increase theefficiency of the recycling program. 43.Despite their similarities, the pyramids of Egyptand Mesoamerica seem to be unrelated because ofdistinct differences in the time of construction aswell as their design and function. Historians havediscovered that the construction of the pyramidsin Egypt and Mesoamerica are separated by over2,000 years. The Egyptians used only cut stonequarried many miles away from the pyramidsites—a construction method that enabled themto construct sturdy buildings that could with stand the test of time.On the other hand, the pyramids of Meso america were not built to withstand the ravagesof time. Rather, the step pyramids rose in tiers,on the top of which a small temple was erected.Unlike the Egyptians, they used irregular stones.Also, they did not share the same basicdesign function. While the Egyptian pyramidswere private tombs meant to seperate thepharaoh’s remains from the mainstream of soci ety and protect him for eternity, the pyramidsof Mesoamerica were primarily public templesof ritual and celebration.This passage best supports the statement that
A:the Egyptian pyramids were public tombs. B:the Egyptians used stone quarried manymiles away from the pyramid site. C:the pyramids of Mesoamerica were built tolast for eternity. D:the Egyptian and Mesoamerican pyramidswere built during the same time period. 44.Whether you can accomplish a specific goal ormeet a specific deadline depends first on howmuch time you need to get the job done. Whatshould you do when the demands of the jobexceed the time you have available? The bestapproach is to divide the project into smallerpieces. Different goals will have to be divided indifferent ways, but one seemingly unrealistic goalcan often be accomplished by working on severalsmaller, more reasonable goals.151. The main idea of the passage is that
A:the best approach to a demanding job is todelegate responsibility B:. the best way to complete projects is to makesure your goals are achievable. C:the best way to tackle a large project is toseparate it into smaller parts. D:. jobs often remain only partially completedbecause of lack of time 45.Charles Darwin was born in 1809 in Shrewsbury, England.He was a biologist whose famous theory of evolution is important to philosophy for the effect it has had on ideas relating to the nature of men. After many years of careful study, Darwin attempted to show that higher species came into existence as a result ofthe gradual transformation of lower species, and that the process of transformation could be explained through the selective effect of the natural environment upon organisms. He concluded that the principles of natural selection and survival of the fittest govern all life.Darwin’s explanation ofthese principles is that because of the food supply problem, the young ofany species compete for survival.Those young that survive to produce the next generation tend to embody favorable natural changes that are passed on by heredity.His major work that contained these theories is On the Origin of the Species, written in 1859. Many religious opponents condemned this work.Darwin’s explanation that the young of any species compete for food and survival,and those that survive are strong and pass their traits on to their young was called which of the following?
A:the catastrophic theory B:belief in creationism C:theory of natural selection and survival of the fittest D:the study of anthropology 46.More and more people are eating organicallygrown fruits and vegetables.
A:Fresh organic produce contains more vita?mins, minerals, and enzymes than non?organic produce B:Organic food is usually more expensivethan non-organic food. C:A wide variety of organic chocolate prod?ucts are now available in stores D:Raw foods are enjoying increasing popular?ity, now that people are discovering how araw-foods diet leaves you feeling and looking great. 47.The angioplasty procedure begins with
A:a special dye being injected into the bloodstream B:a balloon being inflated in the heart C:a thin catheter being inserted into the femoral artery D:a healthy artery being removed from the calf 48.Businesses today routinely keep track of large amounts of both financial and non-financial information. Sales departments keep track of current and potential customers; marketing departments keep track of product details and regional demographics; accounting departments keep track of financial data and issue reports.To be useful,all this data must be organized into a meaningful and useful system.Such a system is called a management information system, abbreviated MIS. The financial hub of the MIS is accounting. Accounting is the information system that records, analyzes, and reports economic transactions, enabling decision makers to make informed choices when allocating scarce economic resources.It is a tool that enables the user, whether a business entity or an individual, to make wiser,more informed economic choices.It is an aid to planning,controlling,and evaluating a broad range ofactivities.A financial accounting system is intended for use by both the management of an organization and those outside the organization.Because it is important that financial accounting reports be interpreted correctly, financial accounting is subject to a set of ___________ guidelines called “generally accepted accounting principles”(GAAP).According to the information in the passage, which of the following is LEAST likely to be a function of accounting?
A:producing reports of many different kinds of transactions B:assisting with the marketing of products C:helping business people make sound judgments D:assisting companies in important planning activities 49.Before you begin to compose a business letter, sitdown and think about your purpose in writingthe letter. Do you want to request information,order a product, register a complaint, or apply forsomething? Do some brainstorming and gatherinformation before you begin writing. Alwayskeep your objective in mind.154. The main idea of the passage is that
A:. planning is an important part of writing abusiness letter. B:business letters are frequently complaintletters C:. many people fail to plan ahead when theyare writing a business letter. D:brainstorming and writing take approxi?mately equal amounts of time.
