英语语言学（山东大学（威海））第一章测试_智慧树知到答案2021年

第一章 Introduction：This chapter deals with two types of knowledge, including knowledge on language and knowledge on linguistics. In the part concerning language, the following questions will be answered: what is language? What are the design features of language? In the part concerning linguistics, we will focus on the explanation of the definition of linguistics, the scopes of language study, and the keys to scientific language study.1.1What is language:In this part, we will focus on the definition of language. Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communications.
1.2Design Features of Language:In this part we will discuss the design features of language. It is arbitrariness, duality, productivity /creativity, displacement and cultural transmission that make language human-specific.
1.3Scopes of Linguistics:The topic for this part is the scopes of linguistics, to put it in other words, what does linguistics study？Linguistics studies properties of speech sounds, combination of speech sounds into a meaningful unit, word formation, sentence structure, meaning of linguistic units, and the use and interpretation of a sentence in different contexts.
1.4How to Make Language Study Scientific:In this period, we will talk about how to make our language study scientific. Only by bearing in mind the criteria of exhaustiveness, consistency, economy and objectivity, and strictly following the procedure of adequate observation, generating regularity, proposing and revising hypothesis, might it be possible for our study of language be scientific.
1.5Key Terms in Linguistics:The focus of this period is the distinction or difference of several pairs of linguistic terms. The following pairs of terms will be in our discussion: prescriptive and descriptive, langue and parole, speech and writing, competence and performance.

[多选题]To put it in a simple way, linguistics studies ________, meaning of linguistic units, and the use and interpretation of a sentence in different contexts.
sentence structure
combination of speech sounds into a meaningful unit
word formation
properties of speech sounds
答案：properties of speech sounds
combination of speech sounds into a meaningful unit
word formation
sentence structure
[单选题]To have a scientific language study, we must pursue brevity in analyzing the data and in stating our findings, which can be summarized as the standard of ________.
economy
objectivity
consistency
exhaustiveness
答案：economy
[判断题] Parole refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.
错
对
答案：错
[判断题]The reason for Frenchmen to use cheval and for English to use horse to refer to the same animal is inexplicable.
对
错
答案：对
[判断题]Of speech and writing, modern linguistics regards writing as the primary medium of communication.
错
对
答案：错
[判断题]According to Chomsky, competence is the actual realization of the performance in linguistic communication. 
对
错
答案：错
[多选题]Which of the following disciplines are related to applied linguistics?
physics
psycholinguistics
education
geology
答案：education
psycholinguistics
[单选题]Unlike animal communication systems, human language is ________. 
under immediate stimulus control 
stimulated by some occurrence of communal interest 
stimulus bound 
stimulus free
答案：stimulus free
[单选题]________ has been widely accepted as the forefather of modern linguistics. 
John Lyons
de Saussure
Chomsky
Bloomfield
答案：Saussure
[单选题]By saying language is arbitrary, we mean that there is no logical connection between meaning and ________.
word 
sound 
phoneme
morpheme
答案：sound