英语语言学（山东大学（威海））第七章测试_智慧树知到答案2021年

第七章 Language Change：All languages change through time, but they do so rather slowly. Where languages have written records, it is possible to see the actual changes that have taken place. It has been 1500 years since the “birth” of English. If we examine the changes that have occurred during this period, we can find changes in the phonology, morphology, syntax, lexicon and semantic components of the grammar.7.1Language Change:Section 1 is further divided into three sub-sections:7.1.1 “Sound, Morphological and Syntactic Change”: The most dramatic change that English underwent includes the vowel shift. Morphological and syntactic changes have also taken place. They are change in “agreement” rule, change in negation rule, process of simplification, and loss of inflections.7.1.2 “Vocabulary Change: Addition of New Words”: Vocabulary or lexical includes three types: addition of new words, loss of words, changes in the meaning of words. This period discusses the addition of new words. Besides compounding and derivation, there are seven other methods for the addition of new words: coinage, clipping, blending, acronym, back-formation, functional shift, and borrowing.7.1.3“Vocabulary Change: Semantic Change and Loss of Words”: There are three processes for semantic change, namely, widening, narrowing, and shift in meaning. Meanwhile, the loss of words takes place gradually over the course of several generations.
7.2Some Recent Trends and Causes of Language Change:Section 2 is further divided into two sub-sections:7.2.1 “Some Recent Trends”: This part attempts a general look at the main changes that have come about in normal English usage. Some recent trends in English language include the following three: First, English language is moving towards greater informality; Second, English language has been greatly influenced by American English; Third, English language has been influenced by science and technology.7.2.2 “Causes of Language Change”: First, the rapid development of science and technology has led to the creation of many new words. Second, social and political changes and political needs have supplied the English vocabulary with new words and expressions. Third, more neutral job titles have been created. Fourth, the way children acquire a language provides a basic cause of change. Fifth, "economy of memory" results in grammar simplification. Sixth, the desire to be intelligible needs elaboration or complication in language change.

[单选题]The following is the clipped words EXCEPT ________. 
info
butch 
cam 
fridge 
答案：butch
[单选题]As a result of the Norman Conquest of 1066, vast quantities of ________ words were added to the English vocabulary. 
German 
French
Latin  
Roman  [单选题]Morphological and syntactic changes in English language including the following EXCEPT ________. 
process of simplification 
loss of inflections
analogic change 
change in agreement rule [单选题]The following are the methods for the addition of new words EXCEPT ________. 
blending 
clipping 
back-formation 
meaning shift[单选题]The meaning of word accident has undergone the process of ________. 
meaning degradation
widening of meaning 
narrowing of meaning 
meaning elevation [单选题]The word pioneer used to refer to a foot soldier who cleared the way for any army by falling trees, but now it refers to a person who goes before, preparing the way for others, as a scientist doing exploratory work. This process of change is called ________. 
meaning degradation
narrowing of meaning 
meaning elevation 
widening of meaning [多选题]Which of the following words are formed by clipping?
bookkeep
sci-fi 
comfy 
script 
docudrama [判断题]Only words of the same parts of speech can be combined to form compounds.
错
对[判断题]All the former job titles with -man have been replaced by the new job titles with -person.
对
错[判断题]The change of grammar is caused by economy of memory.
对
错