第十六章 US Politics:本章详细介绍了美国的政治制度。宪法遵循两个原则:联邦制和“三权分立”。联邦政府的三个部门:立法部门、行政部门和司法部门之间有权力分工。所有州政府都效仿联邦政府,由三个部门组成:立法部门、行政部门和司法部门。内战以来,现代的民主党和共和党开始控制国家的政治生活,轮流执政。美国总统选举过程包括五个步骤:初选、全国代表大会、竞选、大选和选举团。16.1The Constitution and the President:美国宪法遵循两个原则:联邦制和“三权分立”。联邦制意味着各州有权自治。“三权分立”是指联邦政府的三个部门:立法部门、行政部门和司法部门之间的权力分立。宪法赋予总统单独的行政权力。美国总统既是国家元首又是政府首脑。
16.2The Executive Branch of the Federal Government:美国政府行政部门监督立法部门通过的所有法律的执行和执行。这是一个庞大的官僚机构。通常有十几个部门和一百多个独立机构。由于建立了更多的执行机构,总统的权力大大扩大了。
16.3The Legislative Branch of the Federal Government:美国国会是联邦政府的立法部门。它由两院组成:参议院和众议院。立法过程是立法机关对立法进行评估、修改和表决的一系列步骤。国会与总统的关系是一种“制衡”关系。
16.4The Judicial Branch of the Federal Government:司法部门有权决定联邦法律、司法决定或政府官员行为的合宪性。有两种法律和法院制度:联邦制和州制。联邦法院系统分为三级法院:最高法院、上诉法院和地区法院。
16.5State and Local Governments:美国所有州政府都效仿联邦政府,由三个部门组成:立法部门、行政部门和司法部门。立法机关是州政府最重要的组成部分。在州政府下,地方政府一般包括两级:县和市。也有为特殊目的而设立的各种区。
16.6Political Parties:1789年,美国第一届联邦政府成立后,立即出现了两个政党:联邦党和共和党。内战以来,现代的民主党和共和党开始控制国家的政治生活,轮流执政。两党的基本组织几乎相同。
16.7Presidential Election:美国总统选举每四年举行一次,由两个政党控制和管理:民主党和共和党。一般来说,美国总统选举的过程包括五个步骤:初选、全国代表大会、竞选活动、大选和选举团。
[单选题]The President of the United States exercises the ________ power.
 judicial
 executive
 veto
 legislative
答案:executive
[单选题]The power of the U.S. President has ________.
 remained the same as it was in 1789
 kept enlarging
 kept belittling
 remained the same as prescribed in the Constitution[单选题]The Constitution of the United States says that only ________ can declare war upon other nations.
 the Congress
 the President
 the National Security Council
 the Department of Defense[单选题]The number of Representatives of the US House of Representatives from each State is fixed according to the size of ________ the state has.
 the population
 the economy
 the territory
 the voters[单选题]________ is the most important part of a State government.
 The Judicial
 The Executive Council
 The Governor
 The Legislature[单选题]The chief executive of a State is the ________.
 Governor
 Supreme Court
 sheriff
 state council[多选题]As established in the U.S. Constitution, the President of the United States must ________.
 have lived in the U.S. at least 14 years
 be at least 35 years old
 be a native-born citizen
 be a Congressman
 be a Republican or a Democrat[判断题]In 1951, Congress passed an amendment to the Constitution to limit a President to eight years successively in office.

[判断题]The American voters do not vote directly for the President but vote for the electors.

[判断题]The State legislature in most states of the United States usually consists of two houses.

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